| Papers [73-84] of 3571 :: [Page 7 of 298] | | Go to page : <— 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 —> | |
|
|
Physical Exercise and Stress Reduction, 2008.
A look at physical fitness and correction officer stress reduction at Attica Prison, New York.
4,338 words (approx. 17.4 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 114.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
Correction officers face many job demands that create tension in the workplace and in other areas of their lives. Stress stems from many sources, including the constant threat of physical violence, and tensions with co-workers. This paper explores sources of job stress and various methods for combating job stress among corrections officers. It supports the thesis that physical exercise plays a major role in the reduction of stress among correction officers in the Attica Prison in New York. It also suggests steps that can be taken to increase physical activity and reduce stress among corrections at this facility.
Outline:
Benefits to the Facility
Impact of Stress on Correction Officers
Sources of Stress for Correction Officers
A Review of Current Stress Management Strategies
Critical Incident Stress Management Team
Stress Reduction and Exercise
Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper
"A comparison of various programs across the United States revealed that in most cases, these services are provided in-house. Only a small number contract these services from outside the facility (Finn, 2000). New York State has a Stress Debriefing Team which consists of officer peers available to law enforcement and correction officers that experience a critical incident (Finn, 2000). This program includes debriefing by peers for the officer and referral to EAP in some cases (Finn, 2000). The program is available to family members and civilians that are close to the situation. No budget is provided for this program. Officers staff it themselves on a voluntary basis. "
| |
|
Is Legislating Morality Immoral?, 2008.
An argument that the legislative attempts to moralize victimless behavior have created a crisis of over-criminalization in America.
1,558 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 51.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper addresses the phenomenon of over-criminalization in America today. The paper discusses how there is a proliferation of laws that punish people for behavior that, while considered immoral by some portion of the population, has no real victims and creates no lasting harms. The paper contends that although determining criminal behavior is a moral process, a freedom-based society has to balance society's moral views with the concepts of personal liberty and justice.
From the Paper
"To understand how overcriminalization happens, one must first understand criminalization. Lawmakers respond to societal pressures by creating laws to address new social issues. This is not an inherently negative process. For example, before the advent of the internet, many behaviors that are currently considered criminal were not considered crimes and placed people in danger of victimization. This has happened in the area of violent crimes as well. As recently as a century ago, child molestation was not generally acknowledged, and such behavior was certainly not criminalized. As society became aware that child molestation was a problem, the behavior began to be criminalized. Furthermore, as society became aware of how serious and dramatic the impact of molestation is on a child's life, legislators responded by increasing the penalties for those crimes. In circumstances such as those described above, criminalization is a positive phenomenon because it penalizes behavior that has the potential for creating serious harm and is, by its nature, victimizing."
| |
|
Sentencing of Minorities, 2008.
A look at disparities in the court system in the sentencing of minorities.
8,689 words (approx. 34.8 pages), 20 sources, APA, $ 182.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to show that there is disparity between the sentencing guidelines that are given to Caucasians and to non-Caucasians and to look at the extent race plays a part in the prosecution for different crimes. In an effort to be fair, opposing views on this subject are discussed and the problems and proposed solutions are discussed as well. By examining all of these issues, it attempts to show that individuals who are of minority races often meet with harsher punishments than others who come into the criminal justice system.
Outline:
Introduction
Review of Literature
Hypotheses
Research Design
Analysis of Data
Implications of Proposed Research
From the Paper
"There are many more minorities in the prison system and on death row than there are Caucasian individuals, and there are more men than women. For the purposes of this paper the gender differences will not be an issue. Whether they are male or female will be irrelevant; the only concern will be with what race they belong to. According to the Supreme Court, there should be equal treatment for all individuals who are found to the guilty of an infraction of the law (Saltzburg, 2003). This should be true regardless of the race of the individuals but sadly there seems to be loopholes in the criminal justice system which cause many of these individuals to fall into difficulty with the law and then to have trouble getting out of this cycle of scrutiny and arrest (Thompson, 1999). "
| |
|
Academic Dishonesty, 2008.
A compreshensive account of cheating with examples of dishonesty throughout American society today.
948 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 33.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper states that academic dishonesty is not a new phenomenon, and suggests that the practice dates back thousands of years. The paper then points out that studies have shown that academic dishonesty is on the rise in academic institutions across the United States. To determine what might explain this increase, this paper provides a review of the relevant peer-reviewed and scholarly literature to identify the potential causes, followed by a discussion of a suggested remedy. A summary of the research and important findings are provided in the conclusion.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
conclusion
From the Paper
"Perhaps as no other time in history, cheating is easier than ever and examples of dishonesty extend throughout American society today. Scarcely a day goes by without headlines trumpeting yet another professional athlete gone bad, a major company caught in a scandal, or a university professor caught with his academic pants down as past instances of plagiarism are brought to light. According to Rakovski and Levy (2007), recent shenanigans at companies such as Enron, WorldCom and Adelphia have focused attention on the ethical behavior of business leaders and what part higher education should play in training future leaders. These authors caution, "If students exhibit unethical and dishonest behavior in college, they may carry those attitudes and behaviors into the workplace" (p. 466). Whitley and Keith-Spiegel (2002) attribute the prevalence of academic dishonesty among college students today to their "having been raised in an era of decline in public morality, [but] cheating and other forms of academic dishonesty are not new problems. These behaviors have existed as long as there have been tests and will probably continue as long as students are evaluated" (p. 3). The role of the nation's colleges and universities in preventing this type of behavior is a common theme that emerges from the literature. In this regard, Huffman (2006) reports that, "Schools can't control the messages of the pop culture, but they do have a large measure of influence and some control over the culture of the school."
| |
|
Juvenile Death Penalty, 2008.
This paper argues in favor of the decision to ban the death penalty for juveniles.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the juvenile death penalty stemmed from laws in certain states that allowed juveniles to be tried as adults for certain crimes. In March of 2005, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the death penalty for those who were tried as adults for crimes committed when they were under 18 was cruel and unusual punishment. The development of the juvenile death penalty and the decision to declare it unconstitutional has been a topic of controversy that reached global proportions. The writer examines the development, ramifications and circumstances that led to the abolishment of the juvenile death penalty in the United States. The writer supports the thesis that the Supreme Court decision to ban the death penalty for juveniles is in alignment with Constitutional law and supports this decision.
Outline:
Legal History and Context of the Juvenile Death Penalty
Recent legal History
The Demographic Myth
Political Ramifications
Conclusion
From the Paper
"These executions did not happen in the early history of the United States, but occurred in modern times.
"Execution of males for the commission of crimes involving intolerable suffering of another are considered socially acceptable. However, the death penalty for certain other demographic groups has been considered questionable. In older times, the execution of women, juveniles, and others were not considered any different from those of a male. However, times have changed and society now questions the practice of executing the mentally retarded, women, and juveniles. The rules of changed and so must the laws of the land. The laws of the land are meant to serve society, rather than society serving the system."
| |
|
Identity Theft, 2008.
This paper discusses the management of the risk of identity theft, both online and offline.
1,140 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that according to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), identity theft is the fastest growing form of white collar crime, costing American consumers and businesses approximately $50 billion in the United States in 2006. The writer discusses that the ever-increasing use of the Internet presents more targets of opportunity, particularly among new computer users unfamiliar with high tech information theft scams. However, the common perception that on-line activity is the greatest threat to personal information security is inaccurate; actually, more identity theft results from traditional off-line consumer transactions, especially those whose procedures typically involve relinquishing physical possession of a credit card to an employee who leaves the presence of the card's owner, such as in restaurants. The writer maintains that the most important method of protecting one's personal information on-line is through the use of passwords. Passwords should never be based on personal information like birth dates, because these are easily deduced by identity thieves with access to that information, which many people divulge in on-line personal profiles. The writer concludes that likewise, one's wireless connection should have all security features enabled and all software updates, especially anti-virus software.
Outline:
Introduction - Understanding the Problem
Protecting Private Information Off-line
Protecting Private Information On-line
General ID Information Safety
From the Paper
"One of the easiest sources of other people's private information is household trash. Therefore, it is essential to use a cross-cut paper shredder to destroy any papers containing personal information such as financial accounts, credit card statements, credit card applications and loan offers, and medical records, which often include Social Security numbers within patient billing information.
"With your Social Security number, identity thieves can obtain drivers licenses in your name, as well as open bank accounts and lines of financial credit which they can exhaust, leaving you the debtor of record. In many instances, thieves may submit fraudulent change-of-address forms at the post office enabling them to redirect your mail to an alternate address. Therefore, any apparent disruption, reduction, or delay in mail should be reported to the local post office for confirmation of your address on record and any recent change requests."
| |
|
Robotic Uses in Law Enforcement, 2008.
A research paper that develops a best practices guide to the use of robotic technology for law enforcement and military authorities.
4,668 words (approx. 18.7 pages), 20 sources, APA, $ 120.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper aims to identify current applications of robotics in law enforcement and military settings, to determine future trends in the use of robotics and to provide a best practices model for law enforcement and military authorities to use when deciding which, if any, robotic application is appropriate for their purposes. The paper outlines the methodology to achieve the above-stated objectives and summarizes its findings in the conclusion.
Outline:
Introduction and Background
Methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The ineffectiveness of this model in responding to both natural and manmade disasters since that time, though, has highlighted the need for identifying improved ways of delivering emergency response services when existing protocols and assumptions no longer apply or the resources upon which they rely are not available. Indeed, today, security is the guiding framework for understanding the modern world in the United States in terms of both law (e.g., the USA Patriot Act, 2001) and in terms of its stated official policy (i.e., the National Security Strategy of the USA, 2002) (Crampton, 2003)."
| |
|
Sociological Function of Prisons in Ireland, 2008.
A review of the sociological function of prisons in Ireland.
1,689 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper states that the function of the prison in society is three-fold. The prison should be a place of social vengeance, a place to separate those who are dangerous to society and a place where reformation takes place. The paper addresses the functions of prison in society as they apply to the prison system in modern Ireland. The paper concludes that this will support the thesis that the prison serves the purpose of a political tool.
Outline:
Traditional Purpose of Prison
Foucault on Discipline and Society
Prisons in Ireland
Hunger Strikes: Prisoners Strike Back
Political Prisoners versus Common Criminals
From the Paper
" Our modern prison system grew out of the social constructs of the 18th and 19th centuries. Prisons are institutions that exert power and control over those within its walls. It claims to be an egalitarian system, yet uses a hierarchical system of control. Foucault credits the ability to exploit the prison system to the rise of the bourgeouisie in the 18th century. His primary argument is that discipline creates the necessary supply of "docile bodies" that were needed for the new economy, particularly the industrial age."
| |
|
Social Deviance, 2008.
This paper reviews theories of social deviance.
1,255 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 42.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper defines social deviance as social behavior that is a recognized violation of societal norms. The category of formal deviation includes petite crime, assault, burglary, sexual crimes and other crimes, such as mass murder and terrorism. The paper describes the neutralization theory, Merton's strain theory and Rotter's social learning theory as they apply to various types of crimes. The paper concludes that, although different types of behavior are motivated by dissimilar sociological or psychological behaviors, different types of crimes can be explained by a combination of three to four deviant behavior theories.
From the Paper
"Although there have been several associations of crime with neutralization, but research results have leaned towards occasional crimes. Thus, petty crimes such as shoplifting, traffic offenses, and assault can be more readily explained through the neutralization theory. Neutralization seems especially appropriate for explaining accounts associated with minor law breaking. Shoplifting behaviors and traffic violations can also be linked to Neutralization. This is more appropriate because of the use of justifications typically present in minor law breaking, which are made by otherwise normal citizens."
| |
|
Community Policing, 2008.
A discussion of community policing and criminal justice.
882 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper analyzes the topic of criminal justice and community policing. The paper also discusses the concept of community policing and how it can benefit communities. The paper explains that community policing is a policy developed in the 1980s, where the rapid response of traditional policing is replaced with community-oriented policing, that partners police with the community, creating safer neighborhoods and more involvement by the citizens in their own communities. The paper also points out that this type of policing can be extremely successful and helpful, and many communities have discovered that it even helps many police officers deal with the great diversity now so ever-present in so many of America's communities. The paper looks at how building trust in the neighborhood is one of the goals of community policing, and this can be accomplished in many different ways. The paper concludes that community policing makes sense, which is why so many police departments are utilizing it today.
From the Paper
"Today's police officer is more than a representative of the law and the legal system, as this community-oriented system clearly indicates. Today's officer provides a vital service to the community, as these writers note, "The police officer performs a service for the greater good much as doctors sustain public health, lawyers defend individual rights, and military personnel protect their citizenry" (Glenn et al. 6). When the public views an officer in their neighborhood on a regular basis, they feel a little bit safer, and often, this presence also helps them become more observant and responsible themselves, watching for criminal activity more effectively. In areas where community policing has not reached effectiveness, or is not in place, that can be very different."
| |
|
Super-Maximum Prisons, 2008.
This paper looks at the life in super-maximum security institutions and argues that it is unnecessarily cruel.
2,378 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper describes super-max prisons and how the lives of the inmates are made intolerable, bordering on a contravention of basic human rights. The paper depicts the extreme and even cruel privation, the isolation and control techniques and the lack of intellectual and spiritual stimulation and their psychological effects. The paper disagrees with the view that while the conditions and treatment of prisoners in these super security prisons is harsh, it is deserved. The paper asserts that this analysis throws an alarming light on super-maximum prisons and strongly suggests a need for reform.
Outline:
Introduction
Prison Type and Characteristics
The Lives of Inmates
Conclusion: Reasons and Criticism
From the Paper
"The Human Rights Watch ( HRS) describes super-maximum prisons as environments that essentially contravene human rights standards and are often seen as places of "torture" rather than prisons. At present about two percent of the American prison population resides in these prisons. (SUPERMAX PRISONS: AN OVERVIEW) Supermax prisons are intended to house the worst offenders, including murderers, rapists, child molesters, etc. However, as will be discussed this is not always reported to be the case."
| |
|
Personality Traits In Policing, 2008.
A review of the personality traits attracted to employment in the police force.
758 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 27.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper discusses that policing is a unique industry that attracts certain specific personality traits and fosters the development of other related behavioral characteristics even among those not necessarily naturally inclined toward those particular elements of personality. The paper states that according to many industrial psychology theorists, the choice of policing as a vocation is primarily a reflection of pre-existing "unique" personality traits; others maintain that police candidates share less psychological uniformity before their appointment to law enforcement positions and that it is vocational socialization and the experience of policing that emphasizes and reinforces many of the personality traits that veteran officers have been observed to share. The paper states that in all likelihood, both factors contribute to any common aspects of personality in policing, just as they contribute, in some combination or another, to commonalities of personality and behavior amongst other vocational identities.
Outline:
Introduction
Unique Personality Traits and the Effect of Vocational Socialization and Experience
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Similarly, some degree of pre-existing assertiveness in personality is also advantageous to law enforcement employment, because forcefulness of personality and intimidation are tactical requirements in many situations (Dantzker, p. 346). Therefore, much of police training and experience also cultivates it continued development. In a practical sense, appointment to a sworn police position undoubtedly appeals very naturally to the authoritarian personality trait as well, but the functional realities of police work (especially among patrol or "line" officers) tend to magnify any natural personal psychological inclination toward authoritativeness."
|
|
|