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Supreme Court Justices, 2004.
A discussion of American Supreme Court justices in general and Justice Louis D. Brandeis in particular.
1,547 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the professional life of American Supreme Court Justice Louis D. Brandeis. The paper claims that of the justices on the Court at that time, Brandeis seems to stand out as a thoughtful, progressive and influential justice. The paper examines several of his well-known dissenting opinions. The paper contends that while his effect on criminal procedure was minimal, except perhaps in a philosophical sense, Brandeis' main efforts were spent in protecting civil rights.
From the Paper
"Amazingly few people have sat on the Supreme Court bench since the founding of the United States, as the justices are appointed for life, or until they chose to retire. It is not surprising, therefore, that a few names are common knowledge for quite a number of people. Older Americans tend to know one or two of the current justices, possibly more, and many of those same people know the names and general philosophies of such ground-breaking opinion writers as Earl Warren and Thurgood Marshall. Some also know the name John Jay, a member of the first sitting court, from their grade school history lessons. A few know William O. Douglas because of his extraordinarily long life and service. OF current justices, many people know the names Sandra Day O'Connor and Ruth Bader Ginsburg because they are the first and second women, respectively, appointed to the Court."
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Rumsfeld's Role in Iraq, 2005.
A look at the role that Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld has played in guiding America's policy on the war in Iraq.
1,258 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how the media has labeled Secretary Rumsfeld as the prominent figure of importance in the shaping of US policy towards Iraq. He is being held solely responsible for its implementation and results. The paper explains how the success or failure of this policy will permanently be linked to him and thus affect how he will be perceived in history.
From the Paper
"The issue surrounding postwar Iraq is symptomatic of concerns regarding overall US counter terrorist measures. Political concerns deal with how well defined such measures are and how quickly and effectively they could be implemented. The war in Iraq, as an example of these broader measures, demonstrated the confusion regarding what the war on terror exactly entailed. Questions were raised after the war as to how it related to the overall war on terror, especially since none of the reasons justifying it were found to be true, such as the weapons of mass destruction claims and Saddam's supposed ties to Al-Qaeda."
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The "No Child Left Behind" Program, 2005.
This paper discusses the problems of "No Child Left Behind" (NCLB), a grandiose education program and seeks recommendations to correct these problems.
5,130 words (approx. 20.5 pages), 30 sources, APA, $ 128.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the bi-partisan "No Child Left Behind" (NCLB) act of 2001 was designed to correct the problems of demoralized underpaid teachers, of dilapidated and unaccountable schools and of students who had been failed by the system. The author points out that the problems with NCLB noted frequently by educators are a significant failure rate, funding, fair consideration and accountability. This paper stresses that the federal government, the local schools and other influential parties should cooperate to correct the problems of the NCLB program or this program will be relegated to the pile of programs, which never worked and cost billions of dollars.
Table of Contents
A Problem in the System
Problem Context
Significance of the Problem
Issue 1: Significant Failure Rate
Issue 2: Funding
Issue 3: Fair Consideration for Students
Issue 4: Accountability and Enforceability
Literature Review
Proposed Solution, Including Rationale and Benefits
Recommendation 1: Funding Improvements
Recommendation 2: ELL Student Provisions
Recommendation 3: Assessment Reforms
Recommendation 4: Modifying Rewards
Specific Recommendations for Action
From the Paper
"The NCLB act impacts national public schools and was designed to correct the failure of those schools to better serve the taxpayers that fund them. It is also targeted to help the neediest children because failure in the public schools affects a disproportionate number of minority and disadvantaged children which can doom them to poverty. Since literacy and academic scholarship are some of the most effective tools to escape poverty, allowing these students to remain at the mercy of failing schools was absolutely intolerable. Changes needed to be made that would assure students a chance at literacy and would provide them with the opportunity to compete against better performing schools. The bottom line was that the existing education system in many ways was simply broken and steps had to be taken to repair it. The action that was taken, NCLB, has resulted in several programs that reach into a number of areas that are sacrosanct to many in the current educational system."
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Social Security, 2005.
This paper argues against the privatization of the Social Security system.
1,590 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that plans currently being discussed to privatize Social Security would allow individuals to redirect between two to four percentage points (out of 6.2) of their payroll tax into personal accounts. The author points out that one of the budget problems in this funding of any privatization plan is administration, the costs of which would rise dramatically in a partially privatized system. The paper concludes that there is no way to analyze the budgetary effect of a partial privatization plan for Social Security because the variables are legion and probably only partially apparent and the problem of predicting the effect of the voluntary retirement plans on the stock market, which in turn affect government income, is overwhelming.
From the Paper
"The Bush plan to partially privatize Social Security calls for what appears at first glance to be a simple shift of funds. If an individual has ten dollars in his wallet and can give eight of it to his banker to keep for his old age and put two of it into some speculative deal-let's say his nephew's Gator Aid-powered car design-then the bank has lost his $2 and along with it, one might assume, the costs of administrating that $2. On the other hand, he also has the opportunity to make millions with that minor investment. Since most of the current proposals would diminish Social Security income by the amount an individual earned in the private portion beyond a poverty-line-linked minimum income, the Social Security administration would save enormously on the successful investors by not having to send any checks. For someone who invested in Mr. Buzzbrain's Political Campaign No-Fail Exit Poll Predictor, however, and lost his or her $2, the Social Security administration would kick in to raise that person's retirement income to a poverty-line-linked minimum income."
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Cost Estimate Articles, 2005.
Analyzes three different articles on the subject of cost estimation.
1,600 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper examines and discusses three articles which deal with cost estimates in various situations. Articles discussed are: "Cost Estimate on Stadium Jumps" (David Nakamura and Lori Montgomery) which discusses the cost of building a baseball stadium and renovating Robert F. Kennedy memorial stadium in Washington, D.C; "Life-Cycle Cost Analysis - Evaluation and Economic Investment Team" (Keith Goodman) which argues in favor of a life cycle cost analysis approach, suggesting it is the best method for analyzing costs over time and assessing the overall value and benefit of a project, service or other commitments and, finally, "Activity Based Costing: What is it and how can Reengineering Teams Use it?" (Nancy Maluso) which discusses the basics of activity based costing (or ABC).
From the Paper
"Maluso claims that traditional accounting systems are not accurate because they do not allocate costs correctly. Further the author suggests that high volume products and services may actually incur a large percentage of overhead costs but these costs aren't actually assigned correctly. Maluso goes as far as claiming that small batch and low volume products actually incur anywhere from 200 to 1000 percent more overhead than what is actually assigned them. Her analysis is used to justify the notion that products and services that a company might believe are highly profitable are in all reality profit "eaters" according to the article."
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The United States and National Healthcare Insurance, 2005.
Examines whether a government-sponsored healthcare insurance is a winning proposition for the American people.
1,857 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
In the early 1990s, under the Clinton administration, a system of national healthcare was proposed for the United States. Although the plan failed, many Americans still believe that they would be better off if the government paid for the costs of healthcare. This paper examines both sides of the argument - those who are pro-national healthcare and those who believe that the physician-patient relationship is not the proper province of government. The paper examines Europe's policy of state sponsored healthcare to compare with the United States.
From the Paper
"So, no matter how many facts and figures each side brings to the table, the basic argument remains -- is the field of Healthcare appropriate for federal intervention? Regardless of the scope of European successes, regardless of the contribution to the general welfare, and regardless of its equalizing propensities, the use of federal dollars to pay for Healthcare in the United States will remain controversial. It is not that one side does not wish to help the other, the well-off to help the unfortunate, but rather that there is a difference of opinion on the ultimate extent of personal responsibility. For so long Americans have made so much of the concept of "self-reliance" that the mere mention of the creation of a new government program conjures up images of an uncontrollable and meddlesome monster."
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Governmental Acquisition, 2005.
This paper discusses the methods by which governmental acquisitions are made, especially Air Force's ABC method.
2,345 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that it is important for organizations, which deal with governmental acquisitions, to understand why the government does various things and what the organization must do; this will help them not only to comply with many of the financial management and regulations laws but also helps manage costs. The author points out the need to define outputs, to develop systems, to identify customers and to trace and to collect the costs of the various resources. The paper relates that the Air Force's ABC method looks at the various costs such as supplies, labor, travel funds and many other issues and calculates the costs of each of the outputs, the services and products that are created.
From the Paper
"Taking a governmental acquisition organization and utilizing an activity based management system is not something to be taken lightly. There is a great deal of effort involved in creating a system that will provide cost data that is reliable and even then the system does not have much value for the work that was put into it if it is not utilized to manage the resources that an organization has. Even after many processes have been improved and all of the serious difficulties have been addressed and worked out, management must utilize the system. If they choose to stop using it both performance and cost will likely suffer because systems such as this activity based management system need to continually be utilized by management in order to keep them working at the most efficient level."
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Firefighting, 2005.
A study proposal to monitor the history of firefighting in the United States.
1,064 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper proposes an exploratory and investigational study of the history of the fire service concentrating on the beginnings of the fire service as a profession. The goal is to pinpoint the exact point in time when the fire service converted to a full profession.
Outline
Introduction
Background of the Problem
Significance of Study
Objectives of Study
Preliminary Literature Review
Methods
From the Paper
"There is no standard presently that explains the enforcement of fire fighting, and there are many divergent opinions that exist with regard to the profession of firefighting. There are numerous studies that have been conducted that examine many contemporary issues related to fire fighting, including studies that focus on litigation and staffing and the validation of physical ability tests for fire fighting. Other studies examine the occupational risks, injuries and deaths associated with a career in fire science, linking the firefighter occupation with others and examining trends in firefighter risk. "
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The State of Arts Education in New Jersey, 2005.
A look at the situation of arts education in New Jersey following the No Child Left Behind Act.
16,584 words (approx. 66.3 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the National Standards for Arts Education as a place to start in assessing any state's interest in and support of arts education. The paper explains that to assess New Jersey's positioning on the canvas of American arts education, the debate and its contributions were analyzed for the past decade; the findings were unequivocal that arts education has a place not only in humanities teaching, but also in creating an atmosphere in which all children can achieve. It explains that wealthier school districts are more likely to retain arts programs under pressure, although it is the disadvantaged districts that would most benefit. The entire issue is assessed in terms of the possibilities post-NCLB, and the current progress of the states in terms of adopting the National Standards for Arts Education are also discussed. The writer concludes that it appears that New Jersey has at least nominally found a niche among the states more dedicated to providing arts education. It remains to be seen whether that education will be of the 'media' sort, or the more substantive arts education that demands continued student/teacher involvement in pursuit of generalized goals contributive to developing an aesthetic sense and possibly some mastery in an arts area.
Chapter I: Statement of Problem
National Standards for Arts Education: History
The Standards Themselves
Budget Issues
Quantitative Information
Qualitative Findings
Chapter II: Literature Review
Merits of Fine Arts Education
Educational Reform and Arts Education
How to Conduct Arts Education
The Standards Themselves
References
Appendix A: New Jersey Standards for Arts Education
Appendix B: U.S. Hunger in the Year 2000
Appendix C: Jasmine's Story
List of Tables
Table 2.1: States requiring arts credits for high school graduation
Table 2.2: Mandatory Status of Arts Education by State
List of Figures
Figure 1.1: Reasons to Support Arts Education: New Jersey
Figure 1.2: Budgeted Funds for Arts Expenditures by Type of School
Figure 1.3: Budgeted Funds for Arts Expenditures by School Size
Figure 1.4: Budgeted Funds for Arts Expenditures by Region
From the Paper
"Four years ago, discussion concerning the place and presence of fine arts education in public schools would have been primarily a discussion of the need for the curricula in the first place and the financing of it. In the early 1990s, discussion of National Standards for arts education became prevalent in the professional media. Since the start of the Bush administration's No Child Left Behind initiatives, however, any public discussion of the present and future of arts programs in public schools is clouded by a new dominant educational debate; the new debate concerns whether NCLB signals the death-knell of learning in U.S. public schools, or is a way to raise up the academically disadvantaged. While this investigation does not attempt to find the definitive answer to that question, there is little doubt that the fact and progress of NCLB will have an impact, and arguably a negative one, on fine arts education generally. Whether it is having or has had a negative impact on fine and performing arts education in New Jersey is a proper question for the current research, however. It is probable that the answers to a statewide survey of fine arts faculty conducted for this investigation will help resolve it. Indeed, the question to be answered is how well New Jersey's Fine Arts Programs compare to National Standards, allowing for classification differences within the state."
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Managing Police Resources, 2005.
This paper discusses that good management of police resources is essential for the accomplishment of their mission.
2,440 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the typical police department, the avowed protector and promoter of public welfare, is equipped with appropriate equipment, policies and personnel to pursue this function; but these inputs require an ethical culture. The author points out that the major concerns of an effective police department resource manager today are the recent adoption of community-oriented policing, which shifted authority from supervisors to the individual police officer; illicit-drug-related corruption; problems with decentralization and the inherent police culture, which puts greater value on loyalty over integrity. The paper stresses that the community needs trustworthy, competent, fair and objective police officers and that only a department with a healthy ethical environment can fill those needs.
From the Paper
"The Office of the Chief of Police is typically composed of five units, namely, administration, research and evaluation, professional standards, professional development and budget and personnel. He manages the department and performs administrative functions, including planning, policy development, resource allocation, public relations, and liaison with other departments and other law enforcement agencies. His department conducts work measurement, statistical analyses and other management-related research and analytical tasks. In the process, it provides information about the department's activities and operations and monitors compliance with accreditation requirements. It also maintains an information systems unit that inputs police reports and other documents into the computer system and the department's office network of data and applications."
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Employment Opportunities with the FBI, 2005.
This paper is an assessment of current and future employment and advancement opportunities with the FBI, including pay, benefits, education requirements, training and available locations.
820 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in the wake of the Home Security Act of 2002 and the FBI Reform Act of 2002, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is experiencing some shifts in human resource policies, which will affect current and future employees. The author points out that, while the FBI enjoys a certain "cloak-and-dagger" quality to its image, the reality is that the FBI requires employees for a wide range of job opportunities besides special agents. The jobs include professional support roles in any number of positions such as computer specialist, crime scene specialist, linguist and intelligence research specialist. The paper states that the FBI is headquartered in Washington, D.C.; the agency maintains field offices in a number of large cities throughout the United States, Puerto Rico and several major foreign cities.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Pay and Benefits
Employment and Advancement Opportunities
Employment Locations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Not surprisingly, pay scales are tied to the types of work involved, as well as other factors such as employment location (cost of living allowances are paid as with other federal positions) and seniority. In this regard, the FBI falls under the federal employment regimen, and employees receive GS ratings; special agents, for example, can attain a GS 15 rating and are eligible for "availability pay," which is equal to 25 percent of their annual base salary."
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Management Information Systems.
This paper is a research proposal to study management information systems in government.
13,560 words (approx. 54.2 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper states that the hypothesis of this study, which is that management information systems in government are much more complex and take longer to create than other management information systems because of the inherent difficulties in thoroughly protecting sensitive data from those that should not have access to it; therefore, they are underutilized or not utilized correctly, more often than not, and management does not understand what the end users of these systems really need. The author points out that there are two important key issues: (1) how the technology is used within and between organizations and (2) how these management information systems can be utilized to help manage and achieve the goals that these governmental agencies. The research methodology will include surveys of end users, middle management, management information systems managers, and top management to compare what they think about how well the technology works and to help determine their congruency on the future of the technology.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Importance of the Study
Scope of the Study
Rationale of the Study
Definition of Terms
Overview of the Study
Review of Related Literature
Methodology
Approach
Data Gathering Method
Database of Study
Validity of Data
Originality and Limitations of Data
Summary
From the Paper
"There are many differences between computing and management in the public sector and the private sector and this often has an impact not just on the way that things are done and the politics of a particular organization but on the decisions that are made and the employment in a particular organization as well. Computing and management information systems in government have increased very strongly in the last 15 years or so, but the research on this particular issue has declined steadily. This is an intriguing issue and it is curious why research is so lacking on something that is deemed to be so important."
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