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Hugo Munsterberg, 2008.
A biography of the life and achievements of psychologist Hugo Munsterberg.
2,517 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 21 sources, APA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Hugo Munsterberg is often described as a central innovator in the fields of industrial as well as experimental and clinical psychology. It looks at how his work is also relevant to the field of crime and forensics and how he is credited with challenging the effectiveness eyewitness testimonies.
Outline:
Accomplishments and Views on Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy
Industrial Psychology
Applied and Forensic Psychology
Medicine, Education, Sociology
History and Influences
Criticisms of his Work
From the Paper
"Munsterberg is often referred to as the father of applied psychology. His work was influenced by the work of several other psychologists, such as Binet, (1900), Bolton, (1896) and Cattell, (1895), who investigated the application of cognitive processes in terms of legal as well as criminal issues. At the beginning of the Twentieth Century, Munsterberg and other psychologists, "....conducted applied experimental studies on perception and memory, suggestibility, confessions, lie detection, and hypnotism" (Yarmey, 2003). In other words, Munsterberg was part of an experimental trajectory in psychology in the years at the start the Twentieth Century that demonstrated the value and possibilities of scientific psychology in the legal and forensic field of inquiry. Munsterberg was one of the most outspoken exponents in this field. "
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Metabolic Syndrome and Antidepressant Medicines, 2008.
A review of research undertaken regarding antidepressant use and metabolic syndrome.
21,253 words (approx. 85.0 pages), 51 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This research project focuses on providing an explanation of the problems associated with metabolic syndrome as well as the potential link it may have to antidepressant medication. The paper not only attempts to show the seriousness of this problem, but also attempts to come up with ideas that will help to show how this problem can be reduced in size. The paper relates that the best way to accomplish this is to first analyze the problem in question to determine just how serious it actually is, and then use that seriousness as a wake-up call for those that have been looking the other way and avoiding dealing with the issue. There are many of these individuals, and it is time that this is changed.
Outline:
Introduction
Problem Statement
Literature Review
Research Methodology
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The issue of metabolic syndrome is one that has been misunderstood for many years, because people did not realize that the problems that were associated with it were tied together as one syndrome. They simply thought that there were individual problems that people experienced, and sometimes they had more than one of these individual problems. Now that this syndrome has become more well-known, however, there are individuals that study it and discuss how significant it is, and there are others that see it as some kind of made-up problem that is really not important enough to focus on. Both of these are valid points of view for people who research the issue but, in recent years, it has generally been accepted that metabolic syndrome does exist, and that the study of it is important. Unlike standard medical problems, such as singular diseases that affect the body, metabolic syndrome is not something that can be 'cured,' as it is understood in the traditional sense."
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Child Sexual Abuse, 2008.
A look at how childhood sexual abuse can affect an adult's working ability.
1,727 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This work discusses the subject of child sexual abuse (CSA) and serves as a review of literature, specifically one particular piece that deals with child sexual abuse. The literature is a contemporary research article involving the reporting of CSA and work ability and functioning as an adult. The work will briefly introduce the concepts of CSA and its controversies and commonalities and will then move on to review S. J. Lee and R.M. Tolman's 2006 article "Childhood Sexual Abuse and Adult Work Outcomes".
From the Paper
"The development of tougher laws and responsibilities regarding the incidence of child sexual abuse has often been associated with an evolution in the ideas of the potential and real long term effects of child sexual abuse on victim survivors. (Najman, Dunne, Purdie, Boyle & Coxeter, 2005, p. 517) For many years there has been a research movement that attempted to demonstrate long lasting negative effects of CSA among adult survivors of CSA, to both underscore and under gird the need for tougher laws, greater enforcement and increased responsibility for reporting among professionals. In general the law has begun to demonstrate a zero tolerance policy regarding CSA and has increased and leveled out the sentencing of convicted offenders, through minimum mandatory sentencing. (Cassell, 2004, p. 1017) Changes in public opinion regarding CSA have had a significant impact on incidence reporting which in all accords has increased, creating a sense that incidence has increased substantially in the last 30 or so years. The claim that CSA has increased in incidence is therefore an unknown element of modern life, as we do not know if it has increased, decreased or leveled out at a norm, as reporting has spiked incidence to relatively epidemic like levels. (Bolen, 2003, p. 174) What we do know is that reports are increasing in number and that CSA occurs and it occurs frequently."
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Bonding and Attachment, 2008.
An explanation of the bonding and attachment processes experienced by mothers and their children.
1,594 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper describes and examines the process of natural bonding between mother and child that takes place when a baby is born and goes on to explain the various phases of attachment.
Outline:
What are the Phases of Attachment?
A Very Strange Situation: How does an infant cope with separation?
How are Bonding and Attachment seen in various stages of one's life?
From the Paper
"As a mother looks at her newborn for the first time, she feels a surge of emotions that can only be expressed for her newborn. She feels the immediate need to protect her newborn. Is this so-called maternal instinct a biological reaction, or are these feelings learned, passed on from the knowledge of one mother to another? How are people able to build and keep relationships built on trust? Why is it that a person may feel a sense of belonging to someone, and yet, feel detached from another? British psychoanalyst, John Bowlby, claimed that our way of making and keeping relationships as adults began to develop at infancy. He formulated the theory that normal attachment, when we were still babies, is critical to people's healthy development. He introduced the concepts of bonding and attachment as important foundations of building healthy relationships as adults."
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Behavior Theory, 2008.
This paper presents an outline the development of simple forethought in human existence.
1,508 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper begins with a brief review of literature and then outlines the methodology of a basic experiment of human behavior. The work outlines the development of simple forethought in human existence, specifically what drives individuals to think of doing things like setting an alarm clock for an appropriate time in the morning. The paper proposes a research study that will be conducted in a sleep lab, where people are present to diagnose or rule out sleep disturbances, and that will be secondary and separate from the experimentation done for that purpose.
Outline:
Introduction
Review of Literature
Methodology
Discussion
Limitations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Behavior of human and animals has always been a curious aspect of the physical condition. Many theories have been applied to human behavior in an attempt to understand both the low and high order reasoning that is applied to elicit behavior. Humans and human behavior is specifically interesting to researchers who seek to understand and develop ideas regarding the reasons why individuals and groups act as they do, and to experiment upon such actions in an attempt to develop reasoning as to what is significant and what is not significant in the development of a thought into an action."
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School Bullying, 2008.
An analysis of the physiological and psychological damage of bullying in school.
1,325 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The objective of this paper is to examine the effects that bullying and teasing in school have on elementary, middle school and high school students and the resulting damage to their physiological or psychological growth.
Outline:
Introduction
Bullying and PTSD
Lifetime Harm
Stressors Chemically Burned Into Long-Term Memory
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The work of Nader and Koch entitled: "Does Bullying Result in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder? Relates that bullying in schools "is a widespread problem that has received greater attention in recent years." (2006; p.1) Nader and Koch relate that bullying "occurs repeatedly over time and involves and ongoing pattern of harassment, intimidation and abuse." (2006; p.1) Furthermore, bullying may be physical or relational and generally occurs at school and "between peers within the same school year." (Nader and Koch, 2006; p.1) Nader and Koch relates that there have been studies to report negative psychological and physical effects of school bullying which include "...reduced self-esteem, poor physical health, decreased school attendance and performance and increased depression and anxiety." (2006; p.1) "
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Toward the Future, 2008.
A discussion on the emerging and future field of eco-psychology that also may be alluded to as environmental psychology.
2,540 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This writer sees the world changing in part due to extreme temperature changes. The writer points out that anyone up to date and paying attention can see the ongoing degradation of animal habitat and the ongoing loss of plant and animal species; there are the realities of deforestation, desertification, and it appears there are increasingly high-powered natural events like hurricanes caused by climate change that are disrupting human lives. The approach for this paper is to review existing research in scholarly journals that embrace issues and ideas - along with attitudes and emotions - relevant to eco-psychology and humans interacting in changing ways to the changing planet. In conclusion, the responsibility for educating people of all ages falls on schools, communities, political leaders, and mostly importantly, it falls on the shoulders of families. The writer maintains that more families should turn the television off and have discussions about what is being written in magazines, newspapers, and other publications about the fragile condition this earth is truly in at this moment in history.
Outline:
Introduction
Article One:"Thinking About The Future: A Psychological Analysis," Tonn, Bruce E., & Conrad, Fred
Personal Reaction to the Article
Article Two: Effects of Brief Wilderness Programs in Relation To Adolescents' Race - Pamela M. Orren and Paul D. Werner
Article Three: Situational Influences upon Children's Beliefs about Global Warming and Energy. Patrick Devine-Wright, Hannah Devine-Wright and Paul Fleming
Article Four:Psychotherapy of the Lived Space: A Phenomenological and
Ecological Concept - Thomas Fuchs
Article Five:Attitudes to Environmental Education in Poland - Kobierska, Hanna, Tarabula-Fietak, Marta, & Grodzinska-Jurczak
Summary of Articles
From the Paper
"It is encouraging to know that so many young people are becoming aware of the challenges of global warming, and of the need to preserve what is left of the natural world. But it is somewhat troubling to learn that only a small portion of people (those with education and who are well-employed) are thinking about the future in a big-picture framework. The fact that most kids in Poland get their environmental information from television and not from home is also troubling; and knowing that attitudes about the wilderness are not significantly altered when young people go into the woods on overnights is worrisome. Overall it would appear there is much work to be done when it comes to educating people (young and old) about the ramifications of climate change."
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Freud and Erikson, 2008.
A comparative study of the theories put forth by Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson.
1,355 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper states that many of the seminal works associated with psychology are complementary and build upon accepted ideals associated with human motivation for behavior, while others challenge each other's accepted ideas of the structure of the psychology that motivates behavior. The paper relates that understanding the development of psychology in general requires a knowledge of the basic works associated with its growth and development, and refers to the two theorists, Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson. The paper analyzes the two foundational theories that they furthered i.e. Freud's theory of psychosexual development and Erikson's theory of psychosocial development.
From the Paper
"In the past many people have compared and contrasted these two theories, seeking to understand how they are similar and how they are different. The similarities of the two theories are relatively easy to summarize. Both theories attest that development is a staged process that follows a discrete pattern each stage building upon itself, to create a normal or in that case where a stage goes undeveloped an abnormal psychology in the individual. Each concludes that the inner mind will dictate behavior, depending on what psychosexual or psychosocial stage the individual is working through and both to one degree or another determines that the drives associated with behavior may be unknown to the individual, and might need to be discovered by another and related to the individual so the stage can be surmounted effectively."
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Schutz's Theory of Interpersonal Relationships, 2008.
An analysis of how William Schutz's theory of of fundamental interpersonal relations orientation (FIRO) relates to the writer's workplace experiences.
2,252 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes William Schutz's theory of of fundamental interpersonal relations orientation (FIRO). It describes how FIRO holds that interpersonal needs can be divided into the need for inclusion, control and affection. The paper specifically focuses on the way that the writer's experiences in the workplace can be related to Schutz's FIRO theory.
Table of Contents:
FIRO In The Professional Work Situation
Team Member Roles and Responsibilities
Participation, Leadership, Motivation
Perspective
From the Paper
"Firstly, one of the FIRO elements in my needs list is the need to exercise control. My need to exert and receive affection is subordinate to my need for inclusion. I therefore feel that each team member is responsible for his or her own contribution not only to the workload, but also to the team dynamic. I now see how this sort of thinking was dismissive of others' FIRO paradigms, and that I expected others to follow my way of thinking without letting them know what this kind of thinking was. Furthermore, I was not in a position to take leadership, as my team leader required me to function within a specific set of guidelines, which did not include leadership. All this changed when we were assessed in terms of our FIRO compatibility with each other and the various tasks we were expected to complete. It was decided to create one experimental group to determine the material difference that such a change would make. We wanted to determine whether it was worth our time and effort to make the elaborate changes needed to incorporate Schutz's theory at our workplace."
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Employee Retention, 2008.
This paper provides a research proposal to assess whether financial and other incentives influence the retention of highly performing, desirable employees.
895 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 22 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that there appears to be much controversy in the existing literature over the extent to which financial incentives may be an effective tool in employee retention. In particular there are employees with certain desirable characteristics which companies are particularly interested in retaining. The paper presents a research proposal to assess whether the use of financial incentives is effective as a tool for retaining these desirable employees. The paper explains that the study will be comprised of a self-reporting questionnaire which will consist of two sections. The first section will collect data which will allow for the segregation of respondents into two groups based on possession of highly desirable or less desirable employee characteristics. The second section will collect data relating to the importance of financial incentives to the employee when considering remaining with the company. The writer concludes that it is anticipated that the study will demonstrate that financial incentives are a useful tool in retaining high performing and desirable employees.
Outline:
Abstract
Proposed Title
Research Problem
Research Aims
Anticipated Outcome
Proposed Methodology
From the Paper
"The findings of Trank and colleagues (2002) were that individual pay-for-performance schemes were potentially most effective amongst high achievers. As these high achievers are likely to also be the most desirable employees which a company would wish to retain this then would suggest financial incentives to be an effective tool for retention. Rynes and colleagues (2003) suggest that this is related to the concept that financial incentives may function as a motivator due to an individual being driven by the desire to have a salary which is larger than that of their peers. Rynes suggests that it is the differentiation of pay which is actually the largest motivator for this reason. This then would suggest that high salary alone is not sufficient for retention of desirable staff, but that differentiation according to achievement is crucial. Rynes argues that high achievers would not wish to work in a company in which achievement is not recognized through reward. This would then imply that any company which does not engage in pay-for-performance schemes is likely to lose desirable employees to a company which does operate with financial incentives."
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Sigmund Freud's "Civilization and Its Discontents", 2008.
Analyzes Sigmund Freud's "Civilization and Its Discontents" from the standpoint of Socrates and Jesus Christ.
2,155 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper states that, in Sigmund Freud's "Civilization and Its Discontents", Freud contends that the feeling of spirituality or religion is the result of one's ego. The author, who plays the role of Socrates, uses the Socratic method to question Freud's arguments. The paper concludes by questioning how there could be sinfulness if Freud believes that religion is an illusion. The author, in the role of Socrates, relates that "sins" are concepts that religions have invented to make people feel guilty and go to church. The author concludes by analyzing each of the beatitudes of the "Sermon on the Mount" from this psychological position.
Table of Contents:
Socrates Responds to Sigmund Freud's "Civilization and Its Discontents"
Sigmund Freud on the Sermon on the Mount
From the Paper
"But let's move on to Beatitude number four: "Blessed are they which do hunger and thirst after righteousness for they shall be filled." In my own research I have discovered that a desire for happiness in many hearts and minds is matched by a willingness to do good, to try to accomplish positive things for others. This satisfies the ego, and when the parents of a child instill in that child the values that are unselfish, that person while growing up will have a strong desire to be righteous."
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Psychotropic Drugs, 2008.
A discussion of the considerations to contemplate regarding the use of psychotropic drugs.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the incidence of psychotropic drug use and confirms the rise in usage over the past three decades. The paper
focuses on one such drug, prozac, in examining the history of drug development, treatment, and successful or unsuccessful use in treating certain psychiatric conditions. The paper states that, because competition between drug manufacturers is at an all-time high, it is important to focus on the side effects of psychotropic drugs.
Outline:
Introduction
The Introduction of Prozac as a Psychotropic
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Thus he states that it "would be worrying if Prozac altered my personality, even if it gave me a better personality, simply because it isn't my personality"; and he asks, "What could seem less authentic, at least on the surface, than changing your personality with an antidepressant?"[1] Elliott's thesis suggests that it would be inauthentic, and therefore morally problematic, for Marina to use Prozac for the purpose of changing her personality; indeed, if the drug had its intended effect, the resulting personality would not really be hers."
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