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Labor and Industrial Relations in South Africa, 2008.
A discussion of the impact of the unique political and socio-economic situation in South Africa on labor relations and human resource management.
771 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how South Africa's unique cultural, socio-economic, and political situation imposes difficult challenges for labor relations and human resource management. The paper explains that since the end of apartheid, the country has faced the problem of how to bring about substantive equality, including economic equality. The paper then looks at how the new South African government eschewed the redistribution approach, and instead opted to implement systematic and sometimes extreme forms of affirmative action. The paper also points out that a good example of the affirmative action policies the new South African government put in place is the Black Economic Empowerment initiative (BEE), which was established with the Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment Act in 2004. The writer believes that this initiative is a good one from a human rights perspective. However, from a human resources point of view, the challenge of this situation must be that artificially speeding up the promotion of people who have been systematically denied good education for so long, creates a danger that under-qualified people will be in management positions. The paper concludes that the problem of providing adequate training for people who have for so long been excluded from management positions is likely the biggest current problem facing human resources managers, as South Africa continues to change towards becoming a normal society.
From the Paper
"However, despite such descriptions, this initiative does primarily aim to improve the economic lot of blacks - given that it is they who suffer most from inequality. It does this with measures such as legislation and regulation, which aim among other things to put more blacks in management. For example, there is the balanced scorecard, which assesses whether there is sufficient black ownership of companies, sufficient black senior management, sufficient black human resource development and employment equity, etc. These factors are imposed as codes on state bodies, public companies and foreign investment companies. How well companies do on the score card affects vital economic factors, such as whether they are awarded contracts (Alexander, 2004)."
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China's Environmental Issues, 2008.
A discussion of environmental issues affecting China.
1,572 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses serious environmental problems in China. The paper explains that due to overpopulation and industrialization, pollution has become a major issue within China's borders. The paper then looks at how migrants from rural and farm areas have begun moving to cities and densely populated locations at the alarming rate of approximately 20 million per year, and how this has put an enormous amount of pressure on employment within the city and has given rise to may social ills. The paper also discusses the effects of industrialization in China. The paper points out that it is not until recently that controlling industrial pollution has really gained momentum in China.
Outline:
China is Suffering Serious Environmental Problems
Root Causes of China's Problems
Strategies Chinese Local Governments, Businesses, or Individual Citizens Have Implemented to Lessen the Negative Impact on the Environment in this Region and Help Prepare it for a More Sustainable Future
Practical Solutions to these Problems that can be Funded, Developed, and Implemented Locally, or Will Long-Term Solutions Require Assistance from Outside Sources If Outside, Detail Extent of Involvement
The Philippines Has Also Attempted to Overcome Problems Similar to China's
The Success or Failure of the Philippines in Their Efforts
The Environmental or Social Factors Aiding or Hindering the Implementation of Those Plans
From the Paper
"The environmental problems in this area are due mainly to a massive population growth and urbanization in cities near the coast. This has increased industrialization in the area attracting high pollution technologies dealing with the production of energy. The South China Sea has become a dumping ground for vessels that use its waterways and for spills that may occur during ocean voyages. This environmental meltdown can be seen in satellite photo-images of the South China Sea, in which dense closed of smoke haze hang over the landscape."
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The National Strategy for Combating Terrorism, 2008.
An analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the United States' National Strategy for Combating Terrorism (NSCT).
2,214 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the National Strategy for Combating Terrorism (NSCT), a strategic plan to protect American infrastructure from terrorist attack. The paper discusses the main tenets of the NSCT and its strengths and weaknesses. The paper concludes that the NSCT must be revised and improved to implement more efficient, logical means of fighting this war of religion and ideology.
Outline:
Introduction
Tenets of the National Strategy for Combating Terrorism
Strengths of the National Strategy for Combating Terrorism
Weaknesses of the National Strategy for Combating Terrorism
Revisions and Improvements
From the Paper
"The NSCT lays out its efforts in a comprehensive manner to facilitate a clear understanding of the strategies that will be implemented to combat terror, and terrorism. The main objective, of course, is to defeat violent extremism, which poses a definite threat to our way of life as a free and open society; and create a global environment inhospitable to violent extremists and their supporters (NSCT 2006).
"The NSCT clearly indicates that its strategies are taking into consideration the fact that terrorists and terrorist organizations have adjusted their strategies in response to United States actions, therefore the NSCT is continually being refined."
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The Dialectics of Crisis Management, 2008.
This paper presents a persuasive argument on rebuilding the state of New Orleans after Hurricane Katirna.
1,070 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses New Orleans since Hurricane Katrina, and states that it has turned into the ideal example of the type of dysfunction that can develop when opposing forces, such as local and federal government agencies continuously prove themselves counter-productive. This dysfunction occurs because, while the Federal Emergency Management Agency or FEMA is adamant about adhering to its antiquated rules dictating the agency is only obligated to rebuild a system to its former state, the city of New Orleans is adamant about not only rebuilding the system, but modernizing it at the same time. Furthermore, the author argues that the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina and the ongoing comedy of errors that is dominating the city, reveals a completely dysfunctional state where neither proposition nor counter-proposition is resulting in a sort of solution or synthesis.
From the Paper
"More often than not, organizations or entities that find themselves in negative situations such as catastrophic infrastructure failure as in New Orleans, attempt to cover up the crisis and shift responsibility from the organization or official entity or to someone or something else. In this case, FEMA itself proved a contradiction since it is supposed to be the lead agency in an emergency but during and since Katrina it has clearly failed to act on this responsibility. Often, the deciding factor in opting for this strategy is based on the organization in question's revenues or reputation. This is the worst of reasons to deal negatively and irresponsibly with a crisis and hardly ever pays dividends in the long-term. Additionally, dialectics informs the relevant parties that its contradictions should result in innovative solutions and augment creative energy that results in ideas and insights that compensate for areas that are weak or unresolved (Unfolding 286). For its part, the City of New Orleans seems to have failed to provide that creative spark necessary to develop solutions to its problems. It seems to have simply settled on the contradictions within dialectics without recognizing any resulting solution."
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Is Governmental Transparency Vital to a Democracy?, 2008.
This paper summarizes and critiques the New York Times editorial called the "White House Shell Game," while also speaking generally on the topic of governmental transparency.
821 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at a New York Times editorial called the "White House Shell Game," which stresses the importance of transparent government. Specifically, the paper discusses why governmental transparency is important to any democracy and whether or not the editorial presents a persuasive argument for a more open style of governance from the Bush Administration. The paper also briefly summarizes the thesis of the editorial, its analysis of the problem, and its aim. In the end, the author asserts that governmental transparency is important - but the editorial's argument would have been more compelling if it was not so clearly motivated by political calculations.
From the Paper
"Consequently, the New York Times is right to chastise the Bush Administration for trying to avoid the (potential) censure of the public by trying to limit, to the fullest extent possible, the scope of the Freedom of Information Act. The problem with the Times editorial, unfortunately, is that there is a disagreeable amount of political partisanship involved: after all, the Clinton White House was notoriously secretive as well - that Administration was wracked by fund-raising scandals, the specters of Whitewater and Travelgate and other problems that were kept tightly under wraps - and no one can recall the New York Times aggressively challenging the commitment of President Clinton's team to open and transparent government."
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Critical Incident Management, 2008.
This paper analyzes the influence of scenario-based planning in institutional strategic management for security organizations.
780 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the influence of scenario-based planning within the policy measures found within critical incident management (CIM) for security organizations. The writer notes that with terrorism and natural disasters, such as 9/11 and Hurricane Katrina, this form of policy creating apparatus is helping to insure that authorities, organizations, and other people involved in security have a set of guidelines to follow in case of a future emergency. Many security agencies are currently using a scenario-based policy to enable officials and security personnel to adapt and understand emergencies and to follow set rules to keep order and stability in these types of organizations. The writer concludes that the primary facets of scenario-based planning are an influential part of how institutional strategic management is now being incorporated into modern security organizations.
From the Paper
"The role of scenario-based planning within security organizations has been a major influence in how policy in constructed for disasters or violent threats to any agency. Security firms have often used various models to help bring about possible scenarios to help create order and return normal functionality to many processes that include the safety of personnel, financial security, and the way that the organization is able to solve possible problems. With a new policy initiative focused on the necessity future scenarios, there is a general consensus through these organizations to bring forth ways to handle problems through their possible causal factors, rather than having to react with uncertain immediacy to events that were not premeditated."
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U. S. Arms Sales to the Middle East, 2008.
This paper looks at the United States' sale of weapons to countries in the Middle East.
1,000 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how American corporations sell armaments to countries and organizations in the Middle East. The paper relates that the countries that purchase these weapons are currently allies of the United States. The paper concludes by questioning the wisdom of selling weapons to nations that might one day be America's adversaries.
Outline:
What Countries are the U.S. Selling Arms To?
Who are the Largest Recipients of the Arms?
What Companies or Corporations Provide these Weapons?
How Public is this Knowledge?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"According to the British newspaper, the London Telegraph, the United States has initiated three 10-year multi-billion dollar deals with various counties in the Middle East in order to combat countries and organizations that are perceived as threats, such "Iran, Syria, and al-Qa'eda" (2007, par. 1). According to this article, "the Bush administration said it had agreed a 10-year, $13 billion (L6.4 billion) deal with Egypt and a $20 billion deal for Saudi Arabia" a deal which was announced only 24 hours after a $30 billion deal was made with Israel (London Telegraph, 2007, par. 1). The terms of these deals do not restrict these countries to arms purchases."
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Woodrow Wilson's "The Study of Administration", 2008.
A paper that describes and details the essay "The Study of Administration" by Woodrow Wilson.
724 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper critically analyzes the administration policies and ideas set forth in an essay by President Woodrow Wilson entitled "The Study of Administration". The paper describes Wilson's thoughts about using ministrant (function of the government) and constituent ideas to represent political and apolitical branches respectively and relates that constituent functions were given very important tasks, such as the protection of liberty, life, and property, while ministrant functions were necessary for advancing societal interests. The paper concludes that Woodrow Wilson attempted to outline a coherent and somewhat revolutionary idea about public administration and politics and how each should be separate, yet work together.
From the Paper
"Wilson was determined to make reforms and labeled areas that were functions of the government "ministrant" and those that were not, or were apolitical, he labeled "constituent" (Clements 320). These constituent functions were given very important tasks, such as the protection of liberty, life, and property, while ministrant functions were necessary for advancing the societal interests (320). Although these labels appear to be incorrectly given as ministrant areas were given what really appeared to be political functions such as labor regulation, communications, transportation maintenance, education, and conservation efforts."
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Machiavelli and the Prince, 2008.
An analysis of the message of Niccolo Machiavelli to the Prince in an historical context.
1,002 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
Niccolo Machiavelli's "The Prince" is a realistic guide to political action and statecraft written in the midst of the turbulent Italian Renaissance by a writer who, through his diplomatic work on behalf of Florence, was well-acquainted with the political world of his time. This paper, with reference to Machiavelli's text, argues that its basic message to the Prince (the hypothetical reader of the work) is that he should be both ruthless and cynical in order to gain power and rule well. Moreover, the paper shows that, through a setting of Machiavelli's ideas in their historical context, a successful leader in Italy during the 1500s had to act in a realistic, if ruthless, manner if the leader could ever hope to unite Italy and free the country from its foreign occupiers.
From the Paper
"One of the strengths of The Prince is how Machiavelli supports his arguments with references to actual political figures and events of his own time or of history. Thus, Machiavelli frames his basic message - that a Prince must be both realistic and ruthless in order to be a successful leader - within his contemporary context of Renaissance Italy in the 1500s. This is a significant point, for this context not only supports Machiavelli's arguments but also - it may be argued - provides the explanation for why Machiavelli is saying what he is saying at that particular time."
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Socialization of Immigrants, 2008.
This paper looks at personal and institutional responsibility for socialization with regards to immigration.
789 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that it is evident that history has forced most immigrants to the US to take on the responsibility of socialization individually, without support from social organizations. The writer further relates that, in the initial mass immigration that occurred during industrialization, this philosophy lead to the formation of cultural communities across the US that worked to support cultural members and the greater social order as well. The writer then points out that, as time has progressed, however, there have been millions of immigrants that have arrived in the nation, both legal and illegal, who have relied solely on these cultural communities for socialization. Ultimately this has created a separation between cultural communities and the larger social order because there has been a lack of organizational or institutional support for immigrants. The writer then asserts that it is therefore apparent that it is time for institutions and individuals to fulfill their social contract with society and assist immigrants in becoming socialized. The writer concludes that it is only through this dual effort that one society will function for the greater good, which includes fulfilling the needs of all cultural groups and prevents segregation of cultural groups from the greater social order.
From the Paper
"For example, millions of illegal immigrants are demanding that they be given their citizenship because of their extended stays within the country. This demand is supported by numerous groups within the Hispanic culture that believe that crossing the border into the United States and functioning in society without incident should be sufficient grounds for citizenship. Yet, the opposing viewpoint to this argument suggests that by offering citizenship to this population, the country is degrading the efforts of other immigrants that have followed legal pathways to becoming citizens. Clearly, the latter argument supports the intentions of society to conduct immigration through legal processes, while the initial argument supports a cultural desire that strays from the legal structure of the nation. Additionally, it should be noted that the first argument serves to separate the needs of one group from the needs of the greater society, while the second argument insists upon a universal format for immigration.
"Therefore, demanding that immigrants should be responsible for their own socialization process in which they create their own resources and opportunities is possible. However, without the support of social organizations that essentially allow for a universal understanding of American life and the American culture, individuals rely on cultural communities that support only a particular culture's way of life and not the nation."
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Breyer's Active Liberty Approach, 2008.
A review of Justice Stephen Breyer's active liberty approach to interpreting the US Constitution.
1,577 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how US Justice Stephen Breyer takes issue with originalism as an approach to interpreting the US Constitution and advocates what he calls active liberty, which is a far more activist way of interpreting the Constitution. The paper also describes the intellectual profile of Justice Breyer in the context of his work, his life, his writing and his peers and argues that Justice Breyer's active liberty perspective is a useful one for dealing with the complex constitutional issues that arise in our dynamically evolving society.
From the Paper
"Many of the provisions of the Constitution are somewhat vague. Indeed, it is notoriously difficult to write legislation that is entirely unambiguous in all situations. This means that at times, a judge's task of interpreting and applying the law can seem more like an art than a science. Some judges favour textualism, which means that they try as hard as possible to stick to the letter of the laws as written. For example, Justice Antonin Scalia advocates "originalism," meaning that the courts should attempt to stick to the original meaning of constitutional texts (Ryan). However, other judges tend to be more activist, and have even been accused of using their position to pursue their own agenda, in effect legislating from the bench. "
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The Development of The American Welfare System, 2008.
A discussion of the development and changes to the welfare system in the United States.
3,422 words (approx. 13.7 pages), 25 sources, MLA, $ 96.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the modern welfare system as it exists in America and describes how it grew out of the cataclysm of the Great Depression. It looks at the division between social insurance and welfare to an increasing emphasis on disability. The paper suggests that welfare in America came from the uncertain efforts to match European states which had far more advanced systems.
From the Paper
"The Clinton administration forced a number of changes to the welfare system through executive action, requiring teen mothers on welfare to stay in school and requiring mothers to identify the fathers of their children as a condition to receiving welfare. These actions were intended to contribute to the education of welfare recipients and to hold men accountable for child support. To pressure non-paying parents, the administration used federal law enforcement against people trying to avoid child support by crossing state lines. These efforts did manage a change in the welfare system, with significant reductions of the number of people on welfare and increases in child support collections (Clinton)."
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