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Article Analysis: Estrogen Metabolites in a Multiracial Population, 2007.
A critical analysis of an article by Sowers, Crawford, McConnell and Randolph, entitled 'Selected Diet and Lifestyle Factors are Associated with Estrogen Metabolites in a Multiracial/Ethnic Population of Women".
955 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that there are significant problems in terms of conceptualization and methodology in the research reported by Sowers et. al. in the article 'Selected Diet and Lifestyle Factors are Associated with Estrogen Metabolites in a Multiracial/Ethnic Population of Women'. The author points out that the troubling methodological problems throughout the framework of this paper include ambiguous phrases, deceptive statistics, the overlooking of rival causes, inadequate justification of the project and the fundamental disconnect between the research questions and the results. The paper stresses that there is no justification for the authors' use of race/ethnicity as a variable in this study, particularly given that the authors pay absolutely no regard to the importance of socio-economic status as a variable. The author underscores that the harm of this research is that it implies inherently bad health to minorities, in this case, to African-American women, which risks perpetuating racist stereotypes.
From the Paper
"The authors find that African-American women have significantly lower levels of estrogen metabolites than either White or Asian women; a number that they suggest is inherent in the racial group as it is not correlated to lifestyle factors. To attain this result, the authors measure the independent variable of race/ethnicity against dependent dietary and lifestyle variables. Other variables such as age are controlled. However, one obvious variable - a particularly important one given the focus of the study - is entirely absent from the analysis: socio-economic status."
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Critical Analysis of Nutrition and Ethnicity Article, 2008.
A critical analysis of the article "Association of Fiber Intake and Fruit/Vegetable Consumption with Weight in a Mediterranean Population", by M. Bes-Rastrollo, M. Martinez-Gonsalez, A. Sanchez-Villegas, C. Arrillaga, C. and J. Martinez.
1,052 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper emphasizes the importance of the study, "Association of Fiber Intake and Fruit/Vegetable Consumption with Weight in a Mediterranean Population", while also documenting some of its shortcomings. The authors of the study examined a large population in Spain living on a traditional Mediterranean diet, in order to assess weight gain in both men and women. While their research reveals many interesting facts, the author of this paper feels that the article's lack of a literature review is a significant flaw.
From the Paper
"This nutrition article is of clear and present interest not only because of its study of nutrition with respect to a specific ethnic group - Mediterranean Spaniards - but also how the nutritional consumption patterns of this group has the potential to yield important findings of benefit beyond the boundaries of this specific group. In this regard, the context of this article is important. As the authors note in their Introduction, obesity has been recognized as a health problem in both industrialized and even developing countries, with increasing rates of obesity in both the United States and Europe. While the authors note that genetic background has been identified as a key determining factor behind obesity, they also note that dietary habits and lifestyle issues can play a role as well (Bes-Rastrollo et al 2006).
This being said, one of the most puzzling features of this article is its lack of a literature review on this topic and, in particular, one focusing upon the significance of the so-called "Mediterranean diet". Students of nutrition will, of course, know of the wide interest in Mediterranean dietary habits and popular associations between these habits and healthy lifestyle and nutritional choices. Given this, it is truly remarkable that this study does not actually discuss the scholarly literature - of which, one may assume, is significant - on the Mediterranean diet, or even to give some background into this nutritional template. After all, the fact that this study is conducted among a Mediterranean ethnic population regarding its "traditional Mediterranean dietary pattern" is indicative of the importance of this issue of the "Mediterranean diet" to our understanding of the article. Yet, surprisingly, there is no discussion of the Mediterranean diet whatsoever - including no literature review - to provide contextual background for readers on this issue and, indeed, why this study is being conducted with the population in the first place."
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Nutritional Needs for Preschool Children, 2008.
This paper is a review of literature that seeks to clarify nutritional needs for preschool children as required by parents.
2,795 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, while much is known about appropriate nutritional needs for infants and for children and adolescents, preschoolers are a demographic that is generally understudied in the nutritional literature. The author points out that nutrition for preschoolers is determined by the physiology of the child, the degree of activity expressed by the child and the context in which consumption of food occurs. The paper stresses that many of the rules of thumb that govern dietary habits for adults do not work in respect to preschoolers especially in the area of fat consumption. The author relates that preschoolers are predisposed towards diets that are high in fiber, such as grains and vegetables. The paper suggests that parents, who want to improve their children's nutritional health, should look to organic products.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Nutritional Needs for Preschoolers
Nutritional Determination and Preschoolers
Nutritional Environment and Preschoolers
Possible Threats to Appropriate Nutrition for Preschoolers
Summary: Recommendations for Parents of Preschoolers
From the Paper
"The National Agriculture Library indicates that most preschool children require a balanced diet from the "five food groups". These five food groups consist of grains, fruits and vegetables, meats, dairy, and foods with high fat and sugar content. In diet recommendations for preschoolers, the grains and vegetables are fundamental components. These diet recommendations are made with the exclusion of fruit: fruits contain high levels of natural sugar and should be minimized. This is likewise true for juice consumption, which also has a high level of sugar in it."
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Obesity and the Elderly, 2007.
This paper discuses health promotion and health teaching strategies for obesity and older people.
1,210 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although weight loss is recommended for older adults who are overweight and obese in the same way as it is advised for younger adults, there are questions concerning the long-term health effects of weight loss for elderly individuals. The author points out that, if older people are very obese, they will experience acute and chronic problems, but being underweight is actually a more serious problem since it has a greater link with mortality than does obesity. The paper relates that, in identifying the older person's weight loss goals, it must be remembered that, in terms of mobility, intentional weight loss by the older person does not always produce benefits. The author suggests that the best point to begin is with some concern that the person has about the effects of their obesity.
Table of Contents
Health Teaching and Learning Strategies
Conclusion
From the Paper
"There are also cultural factors that include learned beliefs and traditions, as well as extrinsic factors such as advertising. Certain eating patterns, especially cultural ones, may contribute to the epidemic of obesity. For example, elderly Hispanics have a high prevalence of obesity, diabetes, systolic hypertension, and physical disability because their diets are high in refined grains. These patterns are based in the determinants of health because they illustrate the interactions between biology, culture, food availability, education and lifestyle."
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Malnutrition and the Elderly, 2008.
An analysis of the risk factors, assessment principles and possible interventions for malnutrition in the elderly.
1,270 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the causes and contributing factors linked with malnutrition in the elderly. It also addresses ways to assess malnutrition in the aging population. The paper then focuses on interventions for malnutrition in the elderly in terms of health promotion principles and strategies. Additionally, the paper looks at primary, secondary and tertiary interventions.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Significance for Elderly Population
Assessment
Health Teaching and Learning Strategies
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One strategy for teaching and health promotion is to make use of mentors who also are peers of the elderly person. It is essential that, whatever the specific type of health promotion program, the elderly person participate fully. The strategy of using volunteer peer educators is based in social learning theory as defined by the World Health organization, and can be very effective for providing nutrition education for the elderly (Panayota & Amanatidou 2003). Peer mentors mainly act as a support system for providing reliable nutrition information as well as educational materials. These mentors need to understand and practice healthy nutrition and preferably also be somewhat experienced with teaching. It is preferable that these mentors be experts on nutrition because research indicates that older people prefer that all their information related to health should come from expert sources (Panayota & Amanatidou 2003)."
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Food Security Indicators, 2008.
A report to determine the nature of food security within the Chinese international community in Vancouver.
1,020 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper aims to examine whether the Chinese international students of Vancouver face serious food security concerns within their community. The paper discusses an interview that was conducted with a sample of the population and relates the general finding that although the students felt that the safety of Vancouver food itself was not compromised, their lack of knowledge regarding their food items and their poor English meant that the safety of their own diets were compromised. The paper discusses how changes should be implemented in government action. The paper concludes that as all people have the right to live with food security, so must the international students in Vancouver have a right to safe food choices and practices. The paper includes a sample of the questionnaire as well as interviewee responses compiled in table form as appendices.
Outline:
Introduction
Method
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The issue of food security, even in a country as advanced and westernized as Canada, is a cause for growing concern amongst Canadian citizens. Though a series of federal government initiatives and international meetings have resulted in the development of federal guidelines requiring certain food security standards, local and provincial action concerning these guidelines has been called into question. Vancouver, though it is not the capital of British Columbia, is the most populous city in the province. The city is a thriving urban centre which provides food for almost 2.2 million Vancouverites, including a large minority of international travelers and students. For those migrating to Vancouver, food security concerns and practices are a potential problem."
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Food Safety and Sanitation, 2008.
An analysis of food safety and sanitation requirements to prevent food and waterborne illness.
1,543 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the importance of food safety. It analyzes issues related to food safety, such as spoilage, food-borne pathogens and the microbiological quality of food. It then discusses sanitation regulations and standards with regards to food handling. The paper also looks at the two increasing trends of people desiring healthier nutrition and increasing global imports of produce and the effects these have on the potential for food and waterborne illness to expand.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Literature Review
Food Safety
Sanitation
Solutions and Conclusions
From the Paper
"More importantly, interviews with sorters and packers later revealed that the tomatoes had not been washed at any site. The evidence indicated that the tomatoes were contaminated at a terminal distribution site instead of a more central site of production, processing, or distribution. Currently, new contributing factors are aggravating the issue of food safety. Among these factors are changes in food consumption and cooking practices; increased restaurant dining; diminished consumer immunity; increased time between production and consumption; government and food industry negligence; and poor management (Griffith, 2006). Adding to the problem are new strains of pathogens. Meanwhile, other trends are counteracting those factors. According to West (2006), a major advance for the food sector is that concepts such as hazard analysis and critical control point for food safety are currently aspects of management systems."
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Nutrition and Wound Healing, 2008.
This paper discusses the importance of nutrition in wound healing.
1,334 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the importance of nurses understanding the process of wound healing and including nutritional interventions in their care plans. The paper relates that the patient must have a diet that is rich in protein, carbohydrates, lipids, Vitamins A and C, along with various minerals and explains that different nutritional needs are essential for each stage of wound healing. The paper looks at high risk patients; those with diabetes, older patients and those on dialysis.
Outline:
Introduction
Wound Healing and Nutrition
Pressure Ulcers
Patients at High Risk
The Nurse's Role
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Nutrition plays an essential role in the pathology of wound healing because it allows for optimal healing. In addition, wounds cause an increase in body metabolism that can lead to extensive weight loss and a reduction in lean muscle mass, which then impairs wound healing (Nelson, 2003). Proper nutrition allows the body to regain its balance. Nurses need to understand the process of wound healing and include nutritional interventions in their care plans. Wound healing consists of three interrelated phases: inflammation; the proliferative stage; and a process of remodeling (Leininger, 2002). Different nutritional needs are essential for each stage of wound healing."
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Kentucky Fried Chicken and Fast Food, 2008.
This paper evaluates Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) and the fast food industry in general.
3,525 words (approx. 14.1 pages), 18 sources, MLA, $ 98.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that the fast food industry generally does well both domestically and internationally. The paper looks at the recent movement towards healthy living and eating that has impacted negatively on the industry. The paper discusses KFC's competition, corporate governance, ethics and social responsibility, stakeholders, internal strengths and weaknesses, and external opportunities and threats.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Competitors
Corporate Governance
Trends Affecting the Fast Food Industry
Ethics and Social Responsibility
Stakeholders
External Environment
Internal Strengths and Weaknesses
External Opportunity and Threats
Issue Priority Matrix
Mapping Strategic Groups
Industry Matrix
From the Paper
"Though KFC, Yum! Brands, Inc., and the fast food industry in general are lucrative, recent movement towards healthy living and eating has impacted negatively on the industry and now comprises a significant long-term sociocultural environmental variable. Short term, the fast food industry generally does well both domestically and internationally owing to busy lifestyles and the growing number of adults who live alone and prefer take-out to cooking. However, the industry is now being threatened by healthier, swift, sophisticated and cheap alternatives, such as the current take-away sushi boom. Many existing players in the fast food industry have responded to this environmental threat by including healthy food options in their restaurants. Prominent examples include McDonalds and the newer entrant to the fast food market, Subway. However, as KFC is primarily popular for its fried (and therefore, unhealthy) chicken and related fried products, the company has not adjusted to this threat at a competitive level."
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The Risk Society and Food Consumption, 2008.
This paper explores the role of alternative food systems as risk management.
2,055 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the theme of the "risk society" in respect to food production and distribution. The paper defines the term "risk society" and looks at how decisions are made to ignore risks in order to benefit from the overall convenience gained through using a commercialized food distribution system. The paper discusses the specific risks associated with commercialized agriculture. The paper points out how some consumers avoid these risks through engaging in alternative food acquisition systems, such as purchasing organic products or buying food through community supported agriculture organizations.
Outline:
Introduction
The Theme of the Risk Society
Risk Society and the Rationale for Alternative Food Supplies
Examples of Alternative Food Supplies
Summary
From the Paper
"Mainstreamed, commercialized food distribution tends to be a heavily industrialized process. When food is treated like a commodity, it is purposefully marketed towards potential consumers and made available through specific modes of sale, such as supermarkets and restaurants. This process does help facilitate the movement of food through transportation and improves access to food products among those consumers who are in proximity to local points of distribution. However, some social scientists suggest that it is easy to confuse the aspects of convenience with those of safety, especially when it is frequently argued that a centralized system of food distribution enables ease of access for monitoring food product safety through the use of independent government oversight (e.g.: the Food and Drug Administration). In this sense, it can be argued that these perceptions of commercialized food purposefully ignore the risks that are associated with convenient food distribution."
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An Intervention for Obesity, 2008.
This paper discusses obesity and looks at the part played by nursing interventions in the rehabilitation of patients.
2,024 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that obesity is escalating throughout North America as a result of macro-environmental, micro-environmental, as well as biological social and cultural factors. The writer also points out that obesity is linked to numerous diseases, psychological problems and mortality. The writer maintains that socio-cultural factors in the forms of advertising and ethnic customs influence the consumption of large amounts of unhealthful foods and interfere with the over-eater's motivation to eat healthfully. Further, the writer maintains that it is the role of the nurse to develop an effective individualized care plan. The writer concludes that best practices can be achieved by individual nurses, other health professionals, the entire unit, and by the mental health care system as a whole.
From the Paper
"A gap analysis demonstrated inconsistencies between the evidence as outlined above and current practices. As indicated the research indicates the beneficial impact of nursing interventions upon reduction in patient overweight and obesity. However, on a rehabilitation unit and indeed on any surgical unit, overweight and obesity are much more aligned with crisis interventions and little can be achieved in the way of interventions simply because the problem is too pronounced. The overweight patient who must ambulate and participate in strenuous exercises after arthroplasty is just not capable of these actions. Interventions aimed at weight reduction are introduced out of realization of crisis but the patient needs to direct energies to recovery as well as to the intervention. Another consideration is that prompt discharge from the unit interferes with the type of sustained intervention that is needed."
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Kentucky Fried Chicken, 2008.
This paper analyzes KFC and the fast food industry in general.
4,138 words (approx. 16.6 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 110.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how, although the fast food industry in general is lucrative, recent movement towards healthy living and eating has impacted negatively on the industry and its players. The paper relates that as KFC is primarily popular for its fried, unhealthy chicken products, the company has not adjusted to this threat at a competitive level. The paper examines KFC's management, the trends affecting the fast food industry, the company's ethics and social responsibility and their external environment.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Competitors
Corporate Governance
Trends Affecting the Fast Food Industry
Ethics and Social Responsibility
Stakeholders
External Environment
Internal Strengths and Weaknesses
External Opportunity and Threats
Conclusion
From the Paper
"KFC, otherwise known as Kentucky Fried Chicken, is a restaurant chain based in Louisville, Kentucky, United States. Owned by Yum! Brands, Inc., KFC is a major competitor in the fast food industry, renown for its fried chicken and other fast food offerings. Though the company's presence is heavy in its birth country, America, it also performs well in the international fast food arena. KFC is popular not only in North America (including Canada) but Australia, New Zealand, Puerto Rico and China, where it is now the nation's most popular fast-food chain."
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