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Cardiovascular Disease and Low Fitness, 2008.
A review of the limitations of "Prevalence and Cardiovascular Disease Correlates of Low Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Adolescents and Adults," written by Mercedes R. Carnethon, Martha Gulati and Philip Greenland.
872 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and reviews the article, "Prevalence and Cardiovascular Disease Correlates of Low Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Adolescents and Adults," written by Mercedes R. Carnethon, Martha Gulati and Philip Greenland. It discusses the purpose of the study, the results and conclusions and the limitations of the study's methods.
From the Paper
"The age selection was quite broad, so the study could control for other fitness factors relating to age impinging upon the results. But there is an obvious weakness in using such a large sampling. The population size is so diluted and generalized in its composition that the conclusions drawn from the study may be too vague to be of prescriptive use. To conduct the study, the authors submitted the test subjects to submaximal treadmill testing so they reached at least 75% to 90% of their age-predicted maximum heart rate. Maximal oxygen consumption, or VO2 max, was estimated by measuring their heart rate response to their effort. Low levels of fitness were defined by using percentile cut-off points of estimated VO2 max from existing external referent populations. In other words, the VO2 max definitions of fitness were derived purely from preexisting literature and studies. Similarly, the other physical and laboratory CVD risk factors measured according to standard methods were derived from preexisting literature."
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Environmental Management, 2008.
An analysis of the importance of policies and guidelines required in the food supply industry, with a focus on pesticides.
1,550 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the policies and guidelines that must be established by food supplier companies. It discusses the importance of these policies due to the fact that food products offered to, purchased by, and consumed by the public must be free of contamination and must adhere to the federal and state guidelines that consumers expect. The paper specifically focuses on pesticides and their effect on the industry.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Literature Review
Key Content Issue: Pesticides
Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper
"When a food supply company sits down to put together its policy regarding the environment, no matter how small or how big the company, it must rely on the best possible science - from independent researchers - to be certain that it protects not only its workers but the consumers who will be eating the food that is put on the market. Given that there is evidence that the EPA leans more towards the pesticide industry than it does towards the consumer, to be on the safe side the food supply company should reach out beyond the EPA for objective, verifiable data. The EPA still holds the cards when it comes to laws and regulations relating to food safety; but again, a company that wishes to fully protect its employees and the public as well, will be wise to include independent analysis in it's policy statement. What is more important, going along with the powers that be when it comes to the potential for humans (especially children) to become exposed to dangerous toxins? Or being on the safe side and accessing independently corroborated science by researchers who are respected and not part of the lobby group, or the government group, that is too close to the pesticide manufacturers? The answer is obvious; food supply companies must think of people first, when creating their policy statements."
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Living Long and Well, 2008.
This paper explains the role of senior centers in promoting a long and healthy life.
887 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper explains how vital it is for senior citizens to promote their physical and mental health. The paper discusses how senior centers can promote more optimistic attitudes about aging and can encourage the maintenance of physically beneficial practices like exercise and moderate diets. The paper stresses that living long and aging well is not simply knowing what to do, but having the psychological motivation and community support to do so.
From the Paper
"The quest for the fountain of youth and longevity has existed since time immemorial. However, only recently have scientists and anthropologists derived more effective methods to empirically study what enables certain people to live longer than others. A recent study of men over the ago of ninety, according to The New York Times, suggests that the secrets of living longer may simply be due to very simple good health practices. "Living past ninety, and living well, may be more than a matter of good genes and good luck. Five behaviors in elderly men are associated not only with living into extreme old age, a new study has found, but also with good health and independent functioning.""
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The Importance of Proper Nutrition, 2008.
This paper discusses the need for balanced food choices in health and disease prevention.
1,084 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how in today's fast-paced, instant gratification world, quality nutrition often gets pushed to the side in favor of convenience. The paper overviews the concept of dietary guidelines and the importance of proper nutrition as it relates to health and preventing illness.
Outline:
Introduction
Proper Nutrition Overview
The Food Pyramid and Dietary Guidelines
Proper Nutrition and Disease Prevention
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Lam (2006) notes, "Proper nutrition and a balanced lifestyle are the cornerstones of good health". Food makes life possible and is both sustenance and symbol. Hardy (2005) notes the word 'nutrition' comes from the Latin word nutrire, which means to suckle, nurse or nourish. The importance of proper nutrition was first recognized by Hippocrates, when he said "let your food be your medicine and your only medicine by your food" (cited Hardy, 2005). This concept of how important nutrition is to the human body remains to this day. To put it simply - no food; no life. However, it is not simply a matter of consuming food indiscriminately. Poor quality food is just as detrimental to good health as lack of quantity of food (Keeling, 2001)."
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temporarily unavailable
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Obesity, 2008.
An overview of the rising problem of obesity and how it can be tackled.
1,496 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how obesity is a growing problem, not just within the United States but around the world and how since 1974, the rate of obesity has nearly doubled within the U.S. In particular, it looks at how battling this problem has become a hot topic within news media, the medical profession, and even within the public school system. It contends that understanding the nature of the problem, its consequences, and the controversial arguments of experts is critical to proposing a solution to the problem of obesity, which currently affects the lives of millions of Americans.
From the Paper
"Aside from simple healthy issues, there are certainly other consequences of obesity. First, the economic effects of obesity are astounding. The medical costs associated with obesity involves both direct costs, such as preventative, diagnostic, and treatment of the diseases, and indirect costs, such as morbidity, or the loss of productivity due to absenteeism, restricted activity, and days spent ill, as well as the loss of life. In all, a total of nearly ten percent of the U.S. medical expenditures each year, up to $78 billion dollars, is spent on obesity, half of which were paid by Medicaid and Medicare, increasing the social costs of obesity. On a state-by-state basis, monies spent range from $87 million to $7.7 billion dollars (CDC, online). Clearly, the economic costs of the disease are high. "
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Athletic Strength and Conditioning Program, 2008.
A proposed research methodology to develop a strength and conditioning program to deliver healthier and stronger athletes to college athletic programs.
3,480 words (approx. 13.9 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 98.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that a strength and conditioning program for delivering a healthier and stronger athlete to a college athletic program involves considerations of several specific aspects of exercise and nutrition and requires a network of professionals in monitoring this process. The paper then presents a literature review and an interview in preparation for a project to develop a methodology for developing such a project. In addition, the paper proposes gathering information from throughout the school and community and discovering the traditional behavior of the athletes and the family and communities of the athletes using the 'Behavioral Risk Factor Survey' and the 'Youth Risk Behavior Survey'.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Review of the Literature
Interview
Proposed Methodology
Skills Improvement
From the Paper
"To improve the physical, mental and emotional health of youth in the school and community. In order to properly plan athletics it will be important to understand where the interests of young people in the community is focused. The Health Education program will be implemented in collaboration with physicians, clinics, sports clubs, and community organizations through a cooperative formulation of the program design most likely to be effective and most likely to draw the participation of the community's youth."
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Nursing Theory, 2008.
This paper discusses nursing theory, specifically in regards to self-care facilitated by Dorothy Orem's model and the mid-range theory of the community health model.
1,987 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the importance of nursing theory as not simply a philosophical abstraction, but as also useful for the demands for "description, explanation, prediction and control" during nursing work and study. Having a background in nursing theories can prove helpful because theories give clues as to what to ask, what to observe, what to focus on and what to think about when a nurse is under pressure or dealing with a noncompliant patient. The paper asserts that even grand theories have a practical emphasis. They can offer validation of the patient's cultural differences and self-empowerment and actualization through facilitating patient self-care. Self-care facilitation is a stress in many of the grand theories, as Orem's theory likewise attempts to address self-care deficits such as patient noncompliance with a dietary or physical fitness regime. There is always inevitable overlap between models, as contemporary nursing models and grand theories all strive to be limited to a focus on problems in nurse-patient situations or problems in person-environment interaction to be of use in practitioners in the field. Furthermore, the paper looks at the use of middle range theories in nursing, which some assert are more useful and more easily tested in practice. These mid-range theories act as subsidiaries of grand theories, and draw a great deal of their philosophy from grand theories. The major categories of knowledge reflected in different contemporary nursing models and grand theories, which include needs-based approaches, interaction-based approaches, outcome-focused approaches and humanistic approaches can be placed through the use of mid-range theories in a very specific context, such as pain management, or health promotion.
From the Paper
"Orem places a strong emphasis on exercise and physical activity that the patient can achieve him or herself. In the Community Empowerment Model, the nurse can provide counseling how to achieve such goals in the context of the patient's specific community and cultural environment (Extract from "Medicare Primary and Consumer Directed Care Demonstration: Health Promotion Nurse Intervention Model," 2002). The importance of exercise is directly derived from Orem's stress upon the need for the nurse to help the patient with such basic self-care modalities as nutrition, hygiene (including better sleep hygiene), mobility (including exercise), medication, and more empowered behavior. Orem also stresses patient empowerment in the context of direct nursing care, where the nurse has direct contact with client and/or family, along with Orem's the belief that self-care deficits are the result of environmental situations (Mayo, 1997).
"The environmental impact upon self-care also illustrates how the Community Empowerment Middle Range theory springs directly from Orem's influence, along with the pragmatic and humanist philosophical influences gave birth to Orem's stress upon patient empowerment during the entire process of treatment. The Community Empowerment Model also incorporates multiculturalism into its philosophy. Both theories share the logical positivist emphasis which stresses situations and context dictating the course of treatment, and the importance of taking into consideration the environment of the patient."
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Diet and Fertility, 2008.
An interpretive overview of literature relating to diet and fertility.
1,915 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a literature review dealing with with aspects aligned to the findings from the research article entitled, "Semen Quality of Fertile U.S. Males in Relation to their Mothers Beef Consumption during Pregnancy" by Swan et al. The paper also explores related and concomitant areas of concern that can shed further light on the hypothesis that the ingestion of steroids and other elements via beef by a mother may negatively affect sperm count.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Interpretive Overviews of the Links between Diet and Fertility
General Findings and Studies
Specific Indicators: Prenatal Diet, Environment, Ecology and Fertility
Conclusion
From the Paper
"An impressive overview of this aspect is 'Could hormone residues be involved?' by Frederick S. vom Saal. This paper was written partly as response to the study by Swan et al. Commenting on these findings; the author of 'Could hormone residues be involved?' suggests that, "There is extensive evidence that maternal nutrition and maternal consumption of specific nutrients, drugs and chemicals present in food during pregnancy and lactation can have consequences for subsequent pathophysiology of offspring.""
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Garlic and Cancer, 2008.
This paper is a review of the literature on evidence concerning the efficacy of garlic in cancer prevention.
2,842 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
This study discusses information gathered on the effectiveness of garlic in preventing cancer. This paper asserts that there is consistent and conclusive evidence of the efficacy of garlic in cancer prevention that will have profound implications to the medical community and the general population, especially those afflicted with the dread disease. The study uses the descriptive-normative method of research in recording, describing, interpreting, analyzing and comparing information gathered from authoritative and recent sources of information.
Outline:
Introduction
Method
Findings
Discussion and Conclusion
From the Paper
" Findings of studies conducted by the National Cancer Institute, American Cancer Society and other entities have recognized the value of garlic in reducing the risk of cancers of the colon, prostate and breast (Stewart 2004, Downey 2005, Craig 2005). This benefit has been found to occur in addition to garlic's capability to lower cholesterol levels, high blood pressure and fight infections. Surveyed Chinese and Italian men attested to the efficacy of the herb in preventing the occurrence of prostate cancer from 53-60% (Recer 2002). All of the findings pointed to allicin as the sulfur compound in garlic, which performs this function. A test-tube experiment (Health News 2006) and surveys conducted with male respondents in Shanghai, China and in Italy offered evidence on its potency. Only a tenth of an ounce of garlic could lower the risk at 53%, according to a medical expert (Recer). The World Garlic Symposium declared that garlic brought down cholesterol levels alone or in combination with anti-cholesterol drugs. A recommended dose was set for the daily consumption of allicin."
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Youth Health Issues in California, 2008.
A research proposal for work to be carried out on a health topic relating to youth obesity.
1,487 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
The paper presents a research study on a health topic related to the health status of youth and describe why the topic is an important concern. The paper includes research-based practices related to the chosen issue, which for the purpose of this research report are issues relating to the "dietary patterns that causes disease of youth" and the "inadequate physical activity of youth." The paper relates that these two factors combined result in youth obesity.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Youth Obesity& Health-Related Factors
Collaborative initiatives in the State of California
Community and Neighborhood Programs
Collaborative Partnership with Homes, Communities and Schools
Best Practices Identified
From the Paper
"The "Healthy People 2010: Proposed Objective 8.5" states as follows:" CDC has identified six categories of behaviors that are responsible for more than 70 percent of the mortality and morbidity among young people and thus should be the primary focus of health education and health promotion activities conducted in post-secondary institutions: (1) Behaviors that cause unintentional and intentional injuries; (2) Tobacco use; (3) Alcohol and other drug use; (4) Sexual behaviors that cause unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases; (5) Dietary patterns that cause disease; and (6) Inadequate physical activity (Health People 2010: Proposed Objective 8.5, 1998) These behaviors are usually established during youth, persist into adulthood, are interrelated, and contribute simultaneously to poor health, education, and social outcomes." (1998) The "Healthy People 2010: National Health Objectives for the United States" establishes that national health objectives is actually a very important strategy to improve and protect public health. The express purposes of the establishment of these health objectives includes those as follows: (1) To provide a baseline assessment of the population's health ; (2) To establish a tracking system for monitoring change in the population's health; (3) To facilitate evaluation of the impact of health improvement activities; (5) To increase the breadth and intensity of health improvement activities (through ambitious goal setting); (5) To improve the efficiency and effectiveness of health improvement activities by defining priority strategies to reach the goals that have been set; (6) To foster a unity of purpose, organizational participation and partnerships, and a spirit of cooperation (by defining goals and strategies through a consensus process); (7) To help build awareness of, and support for, health programs among policymakers and the public; and (8) To guide decisions on allocation of funding." (Healthy People 2010": national health objectives for the United States, 1998)"
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Beef Liver Consumption, 2008.
Looks at the consumption of beef liver from a food science perspective.
1,680 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a research study that aims to understand the aroma impact compounds of cooked beef liver. The research reviews how far back the knowledge of consumption of cooked liver of any type goes and why, prior to the knowledge of its nutritional value, it was considered important to eat liver. The negative connotation to eating liver both historically and presently is reviewed as well as who actually eats liver in both the U.S. and abroad. In addition, the paper famous liver dishes are reviewed as well as the current percent consumption of liver, specifically beef liver in the U.S. and why the rate of consumption is at this level. Lastly, this research paper reviews where the remainder of the liver goes to specifically the percent that goes in animal feed and the percent that goes into consumable or non-consumable products.
Table of Contents:
Objective
Historical and Traditional Consumption of Liver
Nutritional Value of Beef Liver
Beef Liver Consumption in the United States
Raw Beef Liver Consumption
Beef Liver Recipes
Liver with Sour Cream)
Vitamins and Minerals in Beef Liver
Review of the Literature
From the Paper
"There are two primary methods of raw beef liver consumption. The first method is to freeze the liver for two weeks after cutting into large chunks. The fourteen days of freezing is to make sure that pathogens and parasites are eliminated. The liver can be removed from the freeze and grated. The second method is cutting the liver into small pill-size chunks and after freezing for two weeks taking the liver the same as swallowing vitamins. Razaitis states that suggestions given by a Native Nutrition discussion group for liver preparation."
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