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The United States Privacy Act, 2008.
This paper discusses the United States Privacy Act of 1974 and its effects today.
1,962 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the United States Privacy Act of 1974 has had a significant influence on the way businesses handle private information. The paper relates that although the Privacy Act was originally intended to apply only to government agencies, it now applies to non-governmental entities such as the healthcare system and commercial businesses. The paper concludes that because of this Act, individuals now have an expectation of personal privacy that organizations have an obligation to meet.
From the Paper
"The United States Privacy Act of 1974 has had significant influence on the way businesses handle private information. Although it was originally passed in 1974, it has been amended numerous times and has acted as the foundation from which all other privacy related laws and policies have been built. Originally passed to apply to the information gathered by government agencies, today the act also governs the protection of private information gathered by numerous organizations, including government agencies and businesses. Recently, the Act's provisions have been most often applied in such areas as to information gathered on e-commerce business websites and in the healthcare services."
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Diseases of the Aorta, 2008.
A review of the various diseases affecting the aorta.
1,380 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the aorta as the main trunk of the systemic arterial circulation and describes its position, function in the body and the manner in which it manifests disease.
Outline:
Aortic Aneurysm
Aortic Coarctation
Aortic Dissection
Echocardiography
From the Paper
"Clinically, an aneurysm is an abnormal bulging or swelling of a section of a blood vessel and since the aorta carries oxygen-rich blood to every part of the human body, it is technically called an artery. As Glanze points out, an aortic aneurysm is "a localized dilation of the wall of the aorta caused by atherosclerosis," a common arterial disorder characterized by yellowish plaques of cholesterol, lipids and cellular debris in the inner layers of the walls of large and medium-sized arteries (1990, 106). There are three basic types of aortic aneurysms. First, a fusiform aneurysm occurs when all three layers of the vessel are affected, causing weakness along the extended area of the vessel in the form of large, bulging region; second, a dissecting aneurysm in which the weakness develops between the inner and outer layers of the aortic wall, resulting in a bulge as blood from the interior of the vessel is "pushed around the damaged section in the wall and collects between these layers," and third, a saccular aneurysm which occurs only when the middle muscular layer of the vessel exhibits a sack-like bulge."
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Birth Control in England, 2008.
Discusses the social and political effects of birth control in England.
925 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in the early part of the 20th century, family planning on a more deliberate level began to appear in England due largely to the continued efforts of birth control advocate Marie Stopes (1880-1958). However, it was not until the second decade of the 20th century that birth control began to be seen as something important, realistic and necessary. The paper then relates the history in England of birth control and the life work of Stopes. The paper concludes that, although birth control is still seen by some people, such as some extremely devout Catholics, as being wrong; overall, there is no stigma in England to purchasing birth control methods even if a woman is unmarried, which is a marked difference from what took place during Stopes' lifetime.
From the Paper
"The idea of the importance of contraception actually began early on in the 19th century. At that time, much of the inspiration for that kind of movement came from a book called "An Essay on the Principle of Population" which was written in 1798 by a British political economist named Thomas Malthus. In his book, he argued that the population of the world would eventually grow to the point that the earth would not be able to actually support it. If this took place, famine, poverty, epidemics, and other significant and frightening problems would plague the human race."
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Race and Anti-hypertensive Medications, 2008.
This paper looks at hypertension and examines how this condition varies within different racial groups.
960 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that hypertension is a prevalent cardiovascular condition among American adults, with one third of adults in the United States being afflicted. The writer discusses that the prevalence of hypertension varies across racial groups, with African Americans being the most disproportionately affected in comparison to Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites. In general, African Americans experience a shorter life expectancy than white Americans, and this may be due to the greater organ damage experienced by this population as a result of earlier onset of high blood pressure and high severity of hypertension. The writer maintains that, due to the greater prevalence of hypertension among the African-American population, it is crucial that attention be paid to treatments and preventions that are most optimal for this population.
From the Paper
"Brewster, van Montfrans, and Kleijnen systematically reviewed the effectiveness of various antihypertensive drugs in the reduction of blood pressure, morbidity, and mortality among African American adults with hypertension. Their investigation was conducted through a search of medical research databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, PubMed, African Index Medicus, and the Cochrane Library. The results yielded from this investigation indicated that the effectiveness of beta-blockers and ACE inhibitors in reducing hypertension did not differ significantly from effects of a placebo. Other reviewed drugs such as calcium channel blockers, diuretics, central sympatholtics, alpha-blockers, and angiotensin II receptor blockers were demonstrated as more effective than placebos in reducing hypertension among African Americans. However, this investigation demonstrated that there were no significant differences in morbidity and mortality outcomes between treatment groups."
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Asylums, 2008.
A discussion on the evolution of mental institutions and how they came about.
3,559 words (approx. 14.2 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 99.95
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Abstract
The paper states that asylums came into existence in response to a growing social problem--what to do with people who were mentally ill. The paper recalls that they were not called mentally ill in those days but were referred to as victims of lunacy or madness. The paper states that the perception of madness as an illness came with the rise of psychiatry, and the development of psychiatry as a profession occurred concurrently with the development of asylums. The paper considers conditions that led to the building of asylums, how asylums were meant to function, and the shift of function that occurred late in the 19th century.
From the Paper
"The Whitmore House, for instance, was owned and operated by Thomas Warburton who began at Whimore as an attendant. When the owner died, he married the owner's widow and thus acquired ownership. He habitually hired brutal, thuggish keepers and failed to supervise them. A pamphlet written by a former "whistle-blowing" employee in 1816, "A Statement of the Curelties, Abuses, and Frauds which are Practised in Mad-Houses" resulted in a hearing. The pamphlet reported Warbuton took in as many people as he could get whether he had beds enough or not. Two or three people were often in the same bed. Crowding was only the beginning. "Brutal forced feeding, using objects such as a long spouted 'tea-pot' and a large key to crank open the mouth, resulted in smashed front teeth or even suffocation if the spout was pushed in too far and food passed down the windpipe. Mrs. Hodges, the wife of the vestry clerk for St. Andrew Holborn, had died of incompetent forced feeding... Pauper patients were left naked on wet straw beds in unheated rooms; soiled straw, filthy and infested with vermin, was unchanged for days. The limbs of the frail were 'mortified' by cold and neglect; one woman's foot had to be half amputated. Almost everyone was chained to the bedstead at night" (Murphy, 2001, p. 31). Inspectors, when they went to see for themselves, repeatedly gagged from the stench."
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Homelessness, 2008.
This paper explores trends affecting the homeless population.
1,620 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the homeless population's increase in medical and other health-related risks and their significantly limited access to public medical and health care services and clinics. The paper also looks at the non-profit and other charitable organizations that have been set up to help them. The paper then discusses the scarce employment options for the homeless that often cause these individuals to turn to a life of crime. In addition, the paper explores the roots and causes of this phenomenon and the changing demographics of the homeless population.
From the Paper
"Typically homeless individuals and families seek refuge in certain areas. These areas include, in general, the outdoors where they can sleep in a bag, tent, cardboard box or other makeshift sleeping quarters. Derelict structures, such as abandoned and condemned buildings, are often places of choice for the homeless. Other areas include vehicles, public places, shelters, boarding houses or with family and friends. The use of public places by the homeless is often the place where the general public is exposed to the homeless epidemic."
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Profiles and Portfolios in the Nursing Profession, 2008.
A discussion of the evaluation and need for implementing the use of portfolios in the nursing profession.
1,036 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the subject of portfolios for the nursing profession and states that the portfolio is an evolving document that needs to be continuously updated to reflect changes in the individual nurse herself and changes evolving in the nursing profession. The paper concludes that based on past experience in the UK, the use of portfolios in the nursing profession is an excellent method of both professional and personal evaluation. The paper states that many educators are required to use professional portfolios and the results have been positive, leading one to conclude that similar results would occur if implemented in the nursing profession.
From the Paper
"For example, Annette Jinks spend years conducting national surveys and interviews throughout the United Kingdom in order to explore the intricate relationship between student-centered teaching and learning and patient-centered nursing care. The central question asked was whether student nurses are taught using the principles of student-centered learning theories will replicate the behaviors they have learned when they begin delivering nursing care services. Based on this study, Jinks recommends that when teaching nursing, the teaching nurse should use methods of hands on learning, similar to those used in a student-centered curriculum. In order guarantee that the classroom concepts are being transferred to the field-experience, Jinks recommends the use of portfolios, both for the nursing student and for the nursing teacher. By using a portfolio, the student will be forced to show how they are utilizing the classroom theories and skills when dealing with patients, thus making a deeper connection and leading to better nursing practice. Likewise, the nursing teacher will be able to ensure that all the theories they teach have a direct application to the nursing practice of their students."
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Tennis, 2008.
A review of the backhand action shot played in tennis.
1,172 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the muscles involved in the backhand action of a tennis shot. The paper includes a discussion on all muscles initiating and assisting this motion, including the muscles of the leg.
Outline:
Define the Action
Muscle Activity During Play
From the Paper
"To understand what muscles are involved in a backhand shot, one must first define the actual action, and the body parts involved at each moment of action. Many consider it common knowledge the elbow muscles are involved in a backhand swing, in part because the muscles of the elbow and tendons in the elbow are often involved in "tennis elbow" a condition common in players. Since these muscles are involved in the backhand shot however, they are worth mention. They include the muscles in the forearm, which enable the wrist to bend back to prepare for a shot, called the extensor muscles, which attach to the lateral epicondyle, connected by a tendon. During the backhand, the player will position themselves in a manner to prepare for the shot, by tossing the ball with the right hand, then exude a forward motion from which they will swing their racket, impact the ball and follow through landing on their leg supported by the back and pelvis. This complex action involves multiple muscle groups."
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Prescription Drugs and the Health Care Industry, 2008.
An examination of the rising costs of medicine and its effect on the health care and medical aid programs.
1,534 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the growing concern over the increase in prices and the reduction in the affordability of prescription medications. The paper highlights the fact that the FDA has proposed reviewing prescription drug advertising material before they are allowed to be viewed by the public. In addition, the paper recommends that clinical trials used to support advertising claims, be approved by them. The paper confirms that the research shows that pharmaceutical companies have to be made more accountable for their products and advertising promises.
From the Paper
"Another possibly even more disconcerting criticism of the prescription drug industry is the numerous allegations of manipulation and even false information. As the saying goes, with power comes corruption and there have certainly been assertions in the media and in many research studies that the drug companies are exploiting the health care market to a great extent. For example, there is the allegation that the drug companies are manipulating the public through their advertising campaigns and are in fact influencing the way that doctors and other health care professionals prescribe drugs."
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Crack Cocaine Sentencing, 2008.
Looks at disparities against blacks in crack cocaine sentencing.
1,755 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 18 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that racial discrimination in the sentencing of blacks has taken away judicial discretion and created an expensive and regretful policy of imprisoning large numbers of blacks, who might have been better off given second chances. The author points out that the passage of the crack cocaine law in 1986 made black defendants much more liable to spend time in prison if they were street dealers of crack cocaine rather than if they were dealing powder cocaine, which is essentially the same drug. The paper emphasizes that crack cocaine sentences are the largest factor in racial disparity in federal sentencing. Includes charts.
From the Paper
"The cocaine sentencing debate that followed the implementation of the 1986 law has shown the depth of the impact of crack sentencing disparity. In the 1980s, crack cocaine use was covered widely by the press, due to its rapid growth in the drug market. For the first time cocaine was made available to a wider economic class because of its cheap price. By taking powder cocaine, cooking it with baking soda and water, a hard rocky substance is created that can be cracked into smaller pieces called "Crack." These "rocks" are then sold in small quantities."
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Autism Spectrum Disorders and the WII, 2008.
An analysis of the benefits of Wii consoles for autism and Asperger's patients.
1,447 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
Wii consoles is an interactive remote console that allows people to interact with each other in a social way utilizing a device that is often used for gaming. Typically Wii consoles are associated with gaming devises including those used for Nintendo gaming stations. However, Wii can also help people engage their friends or family members in conversation, and help them tune into each other even when they are far away from each other. The purpose of this paper is to explore autism and the effects the Wii console can have for improving statistics among people with autism and Asperger's or other diseases along the autism spectrum of disorders.
Outline:
Brief History of Autism
What is Wii
Benefits of Wii Consoles For Autism and Asperger's Patients
Discussion
From the Paper
"Students with autistic spectrum disorders including autism and Asperger's syndrome often have a hard or difficult time communicating their needs or desires to others. This may cause other people to feel that they are not as intelligent as they might like. Unfortunately this is not true. More often than not these students are gifted and talented, and have much to offer especially in a global classroom. New technologies provide these students with opportunities to enhance their own knowledge and share information with others in a safe environment. While students with autism may not have the communication skills needed to talk with other peers or teachers on a face-to-face level, they may find using a console a very simple and easy way to communicate their needs or thoughts to others. "
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| Term Paper # 107149 |
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