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Democratic Governance, 2008.
This essay is a thesis paper on democratic governance and public service motivation divided into the three subdivisions of breadth, depth and application.
18,098 words (approx. 72.4 pages), 30 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper is a thesis essay on public service motivation and is divided into three components. The breadth component provides a theoretic analysis of both public service and volunteer motivation as well as explores the historical correlation between public service motivation and volunteer motivation. The findings of major theorists specializing in public service motivation theory are presented as well as their empirical research, which analyze and synthesize the implication of motivation in light of public service and volunteerism. These findings are related to the study of the public health operations of the Virgin Islands Department of Health (VIDOH) in order to propose a model that will increase volunteers and motivation levels. Public service motivation theories are examined as appropriate for possible integration into the outreach efforts of the VIDOH. This is significant as a result of the federal's government's ten year health plan for the VIDOH that relies substantially on societal outreach services. The Depth component contains an annotated bibliography, which evaluates current literature on public service motivation and volunteer motivation theories with a discussion on motivating employees in the work environment. This section analyzes literature on motivation in general and discusses the role of the manager/leader; identifies problems pertaining to low morale and motivation; answers to the question, "Why should employees be motivated?" and explores keys to employee motivation. Employee motivation is crucial to the activities of the VIDOH due to the public service nature of its operations. The federal government has promoted a ten year health plan that will operate on and depend on societal outreach. As a result, the future success of health care services depends on community-based interaction founded on strong public policy initiatives. The application component assesses the public health community outreach operations of the Virgin Islands Department of Health (VIDOH); discusses the level and history of volunteerism within the VIDOH, and proposes a model that will increase the level of volunteerism based on the key characteristics identified by both public service and volunteer motivation theorists. Recommendations are made on what key characteristics drive individuals to volunteer and how this can affect recruiting as well as outreach efforts of the organization.
Outline:
Public Service Motivation
Socio-Historical Overview
Construction of the Public Service Motivation Theory
Implications of Public Service Motivation
Volunteer Service Motivation
Historical Overview
Functional Approach to Volunteerism
Role Identity Theory and Volunteerism
References
Depth Component
Annotated bibliography of current articles to accompany the Depth Section of KAM Democratic Governance
Reference
Depth Discussion
The Role of the Manager
Problems Pertaining to Low Morale & Motivation
Keys to Employee Motivation
Case Studies
Reference
Application Component
Tying it all Together: Public Service Motivation & Volunteer Motivation in the Workplace
Reference
From the Paper
"Consistent with prior research, which concludes that the strength of a person's role identity correlates with the voluntary donations of time, money, and even blood. Penner (2002) suggests that a combination of the functional and role identity approaches might explain the processes that underlie long-term volunteering. Farrell, Johnston & Twynam (1998) in studying special event volunteers found that volunteer motivation falls in four categories: purposive, solitary, external traditions and commitments. The results of their research suggested that the motivation for special events volunteers was much different than more traditional types of volunteering.
"Finklestein & Penner (2004) examined role identity theory as it applies to volunteering in accordance with the work of prior researchers. In a different approach to volunteerism, these researchers proposed that because volunteering occurs within a social structure, it is best understood in the context of identity theory. According to this perspective, one's self-concept consists of a hierarchy of social-role identities that guide behavior. (Finklestein & Penner, 2004). The more others identify one with a particular role, the more the individual internalizes the role and incorporates it into the self-concept. Additionally, according to Finklestein & Penner (2004), carrying out the role of a volunteer not only shapes how an individual views himself or herself, but it also drives future behavior as the individual strives to make his or her behavior consistent with the volunteer-role identity. The research in this area concludes that in regard to role identity theory, the concept of "self" has a direct causal effect on future activity."
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Garlic and Cancer, 2008.
This paper is a review of the literature on evidence concerning the efficacy of garlic in cancer prevention.
2,842 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
This study discusses information gathered on the effectiveness of garlic in preventing cancer. This paper asserts that there is consistent and conclusive evidence of the efficacy of garlic in cancer prevention that will have profound implications to the medical community and the general population, especially those afflicted with the dread disease. The study uses the descriptive-normative method of research in recording, describing, interpreting, analyzing and comparing information gathered from authoritative and recent sources of information.
Outline:
Introduction
Method
Findings
Discussion and Conclusion
From the Paper
" Findings of studies conducted by the National Cancer Institute, American Cancer Society and other entities have recognized the value of garlic in reducing the risk of cancers of the colon, prostate and breast (Stewart 2004, Downey 2005, Craig 2005). This benefit has been found to occur in addition to garlic's capability to lower cholesterol levels, high blood pressure and fight infections. Surveyed Chinese and Italian men attested to the efficacy of the herb in preventing the occurrence of prostate cancer from 53-60% (Recer 2002). All of the findings pointed to allicin as the sulfur compound in garlic, which performs this function. A test-tube experiment (Health News 2006) and surveys conducted with male respondents in Shanghai, China and in Italy offered evidence on its potency. Only a tenth of an ounce of garlic could lower the risk at 53%, according to a medical expert (Recer). The World Garlic Symposium declared that garlic brought down cholesterol levels alone or in combination with anti-cholesterol drugs. A recommended dose was set for the daily consumption of allicin."
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Benefits of Stem Cell Research, 2008.
An argument that the medical benefits of stem cell research outweigh the ethical and religious dilemmas surrounding the practice.
2,411 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the diseases that are the focus of stem cell research and relates that stem cells can be used to test new drugs and can replicate specific cells which will then grow into human organs. The paper then looks at the opposition to stem cell research and explains how many claim it is ethically unsound and a form of murder of an unborn fetus, while others believe that stem cell research will someday lead to cloning human beings. The paper asserts that there should be some form of regulation regarding human cloning, but stem cell research should be funded and encouraged by the government. The paper contends that stem cell research will save lives and could bring an end to many debilitating conditions that millions of people around the world suffer from and die from each year.
From the Paper
"Stem cells hold the promise for the future in many areas of medicine. Basically, stem cell research attempts to discover how a healthy cell reproduces itself into an organism, and how healthy cells replace cells that are damaged in the body. Some scientists refer to stem cell research as "regenerative or reparative medicine" (Editors, 2006). These cells are important for a wide variety of reasons, but especially because they hold the promise of some day eradicating many common diseases and illnesses that today are incurable."
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Standard of Health Care, 2008.
An examination of the current health care system in the US and suggestions for improvement.
777 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the shortage of healthcare and poorer standards of quality have tested the ability of society to provide the medical support that the population needs. The paper relates that the present standard of care has raised concerns among health care providers and patients regarding the implementation of new methods of improving the standard of care. This paper provides an overview of the healthcare industry's standard of care and suggests concepts that hospital management and health care providers could utilize to improve the quality of healthcare overall.
Outline:
Introduction
Standard of Care
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the medical profession, the business process perspective refers to internal processes. Metrics based on this perspective allow the managers to know how well their business is running, and whether its products and services conform to patient's requirements. These metrics have to be carefully designed by those who know these processes most intimately, usually includes the identification of mission-oriented processes, and support processes. Mission-oriented processes are the special functions of government offices, whereas the support processes are more repetitive, and easier to benchmark and measure using generic metrics. The patient perspective can be improved by enhancing the quality of care, and perhaps by offering additional services needed by the physicians that are not currently addressed or not stressed enough. The final perspective, financing healthcare, involves timely and accurate funding where the implementation of a corporate database would ideally centralize the majority of the processing of the data in addition to automating the processing of financial data. A hospital or health care provider could successfully implement this perspective by including additional metrics, such as other types of financial related data, such as risk-assessment and cost-benefit data."
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Medical School Personal Statement, 2008.
An admission essay to the University of Toronto's Medical School.
1,037 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 0 sources, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a personal statement and admission essay to the Medical School of the University of Toronto. It describes the writer's choice to pursue a career in medicine and how it was shaped by a combination of family history, his lifelong fascination with human biology, and his knowledge of how profoundly emotionally rewarding it can be for medical practitioners to make a positive difference in the lives of their patients. The paper discusses each of these aspects in detail.
From the Paper
"Finally, it must be said that my decision to apply to study medicine at the University of Toronto has been influenced by the renown and reputation of its faculty, and its success in producing medical practitioners of the highest calibre. My determination to meet the high standards of your institution led me to retake my MCAT so that I was satisfied with every aspect of my performance, and feel that it accurately reflects my knowledge and skill set. I also believe that my lifelong interest in human biology and physiology, and the knowledge gained as a consequence of these years of interest and study, also render me a strong candidate for medical studies at your institution. To all of these factors must also be added the invaluable life experience and insights into the challenges and emotional rewards of medical practice that I have acquired through learning from my grandfather's and my father's examples. Their dedication and commitment to their patients and their work have inspired me to continue their legacy of care through pursuing my own career in medicine."
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Autism, 2008.
This paper explores autism and autism spectrum disorders (ASD).
1,107 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how genetics and environmental factors are both thought to play a role in the development of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The paper also addresses the detection and treatment of autism. The paper reveals that although autism and ASD are troubling disorders that demand intensive patience and care, autism need not be a debilitating condition and many children with autism do mature into productive teens and adults with few signs of the disorder.
From the Paper
"The incidence of autism in the United States has increased dramatically to a point at which a Centers for Disease Control (CDC) study revealed that 1 in 150 8-year old children have an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The Autism Society of America classifies the problem as a "national health crisis." Autism's toll extends beyond those whose lives are directly affected by the disorder, as ASDs cost the American health care system an estimated $35 billion (Autism Society of America). Although the CDC claims that "it is unclear how much of this increase is due to changes in how we identify and classify ASDs," previous research has shown that the increase is due to more than simply robust reclassification and diagnostic procedures. A University of California study found that "The observed increase in autism cases cannot be explained by a loosening in the criteria used to make the diagnosis," (Byrd 2002)."
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Acupuncture in the Treatment of Depression, 2008.
An in-depth review on the subject of depression and the success achieved through its treatment with acupuncture.
4,527 words (approx. 18.1 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 117.95
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Abstract
The paper defines the incidence of depression and notes that it affects all persons, irrespective of race, background or gender. The paper discusses conventional medical methods of treatment and then extrapolates with sources in detail, case studies of the methods and successes achieved through acupuncture.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Methodology
Discussion
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Mr. K first showed signs and symptoms of a major depression mood disorder in March 2003. He functioned poorly at home and at work for approximately two months. He lost interest in the usual things he did and withdrew socially. He could not make decisions as easily as before. He had trouble sleeping and getting out of bed. He lost zest. He lacked concentration and motivation. He suffered from poor memory, poor appetite and non-specific physical symptoms.. He also blamed himself for his low spirits. He was anxious, sad and irritable. Up to March 2005, all his treatments failed. His resistant depression was disabling. He continued to consult with Dr. Browne although he was not interested to pursue further medical treatment. At this point, Mohit Khosla suggested that he try acupuncture. The patient tried it and he said he had begun to feel better. He said he noticed significant improvement in his health. The dosage of his medication was reduced. He began to eat better, began socializing again, and his mood lifted. His motivation has, however, remained at a low level and he experiences some neuro-negative symptoms. "
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Customer Satisfaction or Loyalty?, 2008.
This paper explores the importance of customer loyalty vs. customer satisfaction for healthcare consumers.
1,274 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at health care information via the Internet that has changed the way individuals manage their health and receive health care information. The paper explains that this has greatly impacted customer loyalty to a doctor since one can order medication or research symptoms, treatments and long-term prognoses online. The paper therefore concludes that customer satisfaction has become much more important to the healthcare consumer than customer loyalty to a doctor.
From the Paper
"When it comes to healthcare, people want to be satisfied. They often feel as thought they are not getting enough for their money, their doctors charge them too much, and their insurance companies do not pay for enough treatments and procedures. This being the case, they also doctor-shop to either (a) find a doctor that actually works the way they think he or she should, or (b) find a doctor that tells them what they want to hear. This comes down to a difference between customer loyalty (to one doctor, for example), and customer satisfaction (going from one doctor to the next until one is satisfied with the answer)."
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Problems Plaguing Hospitals, 2008.
A report on the internal and external factors that have been plaguing a hospital.
1,450 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a report on problems that have been plaguing a specific hospital and then presents possible solutions to these problems. The paper begins by discussing the problems the hospital has with admissions, room design, and medical surveillance. The paper then proposes three best practices concerning admissions, room design, and medical surveillance and concludes with suggestions for implementing these proposals.
Outline:
Introduction
Purpose of the Report
Admissions
Medical Surveillance
Feasible Course of Actions & Outcomes
Implementation Process
From the Paper
"Doctors and nurses have been faced with an increased workload that is not being equally dispersed and employees are being asked to work without overtime pay. Added to this is the fact that the hospital is seriously understaffed with only five general practioners and ten nurses to 'man' three floors."
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Case Study: The Nurses and the Union, 2008.
A look at why nurses working for Happy Trails are considering joining a union.
1,780 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Happy Trails nurses believe that they need to join a union to improve their benefits and working conditions and to protect themselves from management shifting from higher paid nurses to lesser paid LPNs. The paper then points out several steps that are recommended for any group forming a union. The paper also makes suggestions to management on how to handle the situation. Lastly, the paper discusses labor practices relating to unionization that must be observed to remain within the law.
Table of Contents:
The Nurses
The Management
Labor Practices
From the Paper
"Employers can defend themselves against unionization to a degree by following rules allowing the employer to impose rules governing the solicitation of employees and the dissemination of information by and to employees. The employer may prohibit all solicitations by employees during working time and not during the employees' nonworking time, and the latter would include time when employees are on breaks. Employers also may put a stop to the distribution of literature by employees both during working time and in working areas, but the employer cannot do so not in nonwork areas, such as where the employees gather during breaks."
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Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, 2008.
This paper discusses the causes and prevention of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
1,666 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is one of the most frightening conditions that can attack a young infant, mainly because it is sudden, devastating and largely undiagnosed until it is too late. The paper discusses how one can reduce the risk of SIDS, but notes that the condition is still largely misunderstood and needs further research.
From the Paper
"Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is one of the most devastating occurrences in parents' lives, partly because the condition is so difficult to understand. Each year, SIDS takes the lives of between 6,000 and 7,000 infants. One expert writes, "It is responsible for between 2 and 3 deaths out of every 1,000 live births. After the first week of life, where deaths associated with prematurity predominate, SIDS is the most important single cause of death of infants under 1 year of age" (Bergman, 1986, p. xi). Also known as crib death, the syndrome is still not fully understood, and often the death may not be recognized as SIDS. Usually, the infant shows no signs of any problems or irregularities. In most cases, the parents place the infant in his or her crib to sleep. When they check on the child later, they find it dead. In most cases, the autopsy or medical exam reveals no reason for the death, which is one reason the condition is so difficult to stop. SIDS can occur as soon as three weeks after birth, rises to its highest rates in the third and fourth month of life, and tends to decrease after about six months."
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Drug Eluting Stents, 2008.
A discussion on the introduction of drug eluting stents and how they dramatically reduced the incidence of re-stenosis.
2,162 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses patients with coronary artery disease that undergo coronary angioplasty and relates that one of the main limitations of angioplasty is the relatively high rate of restenosis after surgery. The paper further confirms that stents used during angioplasty to provide a metal scaffold reduce the chance of vessel re-stenosis. The paper discusses how the introduction of drug eluting stents dramatically reduced the incidence of re-stenosis. Ths paper researches whether patients receiving drug-eluting stents (DES) experience decreased incidences of reoccurring myocardial infarction compared to patients receiving bare metal stents (BMS).
Outline:
Clinical Question
Search for Studies
Comparison of Two Articles
From the Paper
"A search of CINAHL using a key word search and BOOLEAN operators "drug eluting stents AND bare metal stents" resulted in 22 journal returns, two of which contained systematic reviews. It was less effective to select the operation to "find similar articles" in CINAHL than in MEDLINE, since several times the request returned no records, while in MEDLINE simply selecting one of the results would also open a menu of similar articles. Using limitation or truncation symbols resulted in zero search results. CINAHL searches were especially helpful since in the journal listing it describes the results in terms of meta-analysis, RCT, etc.
Google Scholar does not allow the use of Boolean operators to limit results, and therefore a search for keywords "drug eluting stents and bare metal stents" returned a total of 3,620 results. Some results were as obscure as the use of stents in porcine models. Google Scholar does allow a search using the Advance Scholar operations, which increases accuracy of the search by adding operators not recognized by the Google Scholar search box. Advanced operator options in the Google Scholar advanced search include the +, - and OR operators, which were not helpful in narrowing the results. The "intitle" operator was the most useful operator, returning two results, one of which was a 170 page systematic review of cost effectiveness of drug eluting stents versus bare metal stents."
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