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Health Sector in Ghana, 2008.
This paper provides a research proposal for an extended security and privacy model for the health sector in Ghana.
5,339 words (approx. 21.4 pages), 23 sources, APA, $ 131.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that many developing countries around the world are faced with the dual-edged sword of a "brain-drain" of their healthcare professionals who seek better economic opportunities in other countries as well as healthcare infrastructures that require substantive improvements to bring them up to date. The writer points out that the Republic of Ghana is faced with this precise set of circumstances as it struggles to overcome the historic legacy of colonialism and the same economic and social developmental issues that have confronted many sub-Saharan African nations in recent years. One technique that has proven effective in recent years in facilitating the delivery of quality healthcare services to a wide range of consumers is the use of so-called "smart cards." The purpose of the proposed study is to consider the introduction of so-called smart cards in public and private health service delivery in the Republic of Ghana today. To this end, a critical review of the relevant peer-reviewed and scholarly literature is presented, followed by a summary of the research in the conclusion.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Scope of Study
Rationale of Study
Overview of Study
Methodology
Preliminary Review of the Literature
Background and Overview
Healthcare Issues Confronting Developing Nations Today
Smart Cards and Healthcare Delivery
Privacy Considerations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Many developing nations are faced with some enormous challenges and obstacles to development, particularly when it comes to the delivery of effective healthcare services. For instance, healthcare professionals have long emigrated from developing to developed countries in search of better professional and personal opportunities; in recent years, though, this trend has become even more pronounced. Chronic shortages of nurses, physicians, pharmacists, and other healthcare practitioners around the world have fueled the migration from less affluent to more affluent countries, but also between poor countries and between wealthy ones as well. As a result, there is a growing global labor market for all types of professionals in health care today. Moreover, the globalization of the health-care labor market has had a profound effect on the ability of many national health-care systems to deliver vital services to their citizens. The most dramatic impact is being felt in the least developed nations, where there has been a tremendous increase in emigration."
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The Disabled, 2008.
Looks at the economic, human and social capital of the disabled.
1,515 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, traditionally, disabled people have been marginalized and discriminated against not only in the workplace, but also by agencies, such as healthcare facilities, which are meant to help them. The paper then explains that, on the other hand, significant progress, including legislation, has been made in the effort to help disabled people integrate into society. The paper stresses, however, that this is not enough. Rather than claiming to treat them equally, the workplace and healthcare agencies should be investigated and work together in order to provide for the specific needs of the disabled.
From the Paper
"James H. Rimmer (1998) agrees to some extent. According to this author, there has been very little study on how to promote the health of people with disabilities. Indeed, while improvements have been made in health promotion for the general population of the United States, very little has been done to do the same for disabled people and their needs.
"Part of the reason for this is the emphasis on disease and disability prevention rather than addressing the disability once it is there."
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MRSA on American University Campuses, 2005.
This paper is a research plan of a study to be conducted on whether attending University increases the risk of acquiring methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteria, and the implications of this.
772 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
The purpose of the study is to assess whether those attending a university in the USA are at risk of acquiring methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the university setting. The risk is assessed by determining whether there are higher incidences of MRSA carriers in the university setting than in other areas of the community, as this may signify that those carrying MRSA have acquired the bacteria through university attendance. As a secondary objective, the study aims to compile a set of recommendations which would aim to reduce the likelihood of contracting MRSA in the university environment.
Outline:
Introduction
Purpose of the study
Methods
Required Readings
Anticipated Bibliography
From the Paper
"The second phase of the study would comprise of a direct study of students at my university, in order to discover the numbers of students who currently carry MRSA. A sample of students would be selected, with selection being based upon that student not being at particular risk of MRSA, i.e. not having been hospitalized in the last year, or having undergone surgery of any kind within the last year. There may also be other exclusions which would be included from the findings of the literature review. These students would then have samples taken in order to test for the presence of MRSA; such testing would need to take into account participant confidentiality. The literature review would be used in order to elucidate a specific method for sample selection, using articles involving similar successful studies.
"From the findings of the testing for MRSA, it would be possible to establish whether there are indeed higher levels of MRSA in the university population by contrasting the results with any results obtained in the literature review; it may also be possible to contrast with results from other universities. The results can also be used in order to aid in the composition of recommendations to reduce the risk of contracting MRSA while attending university."
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The Doctrine of Informed Consent and Patient Autonomy, 2008.
Looks the doctrine of informed consent and patient autonomy as applied to modern medical ethics.
2,795 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the doctrine of informed consent and patient autonomy emphasizes the dilemma that modern medicine experiences when faced with the issue of a patient's right and autonomy to decide what is going to be done to his or her own body once he or she is committed to a healthcare unit. The paper then points out that the once unquestionable acceptance that the patient should leave him or herself completely in the care of the medical staff seems to be outdated. The paper then goes on to define the concepts of patient's right of patient autonomy and the physician's obligation of informed consent. The issue may appear to be simple; however, there are many aspects to this doctrine. These are discussed in the paper.
From the Paper
"Wear also identifies many other aspects and medical situations where informed consent and patient autonomy can be harmful from a medical point of view, rather than beneficial. According to Wear, the two bioethics concepts can be termed as 'fast ethics', as in 'fast food', that is, a compromise between real ethical principles and no principles at all. Wear emphasizes thus that the ethos itself and its functionality may be seriously undermined in such cases where the doctors are confronted with the spontaneous behavior of the patients who are confronted with the truth about a serious illness or condition."
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The American Medical Association, 2008.
An analysis of the goals and achievements of the American Medical Association (AMA) over the years.
815 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the achievements of the American Medical Association (AMA). It begins by describing the mission statement of the AMA and its goals and then discusses how it goes about achieving those goals. Next, the paper discusses some of the highlights and landmarks in the earlier development of the AMA. It looks at the AMA in a contemporary setting and finally discusses marketing with regards to the AMA.
From the Paper
"Marketing is also facilitated by the involvement of members and the medical community and in this regard the marketing strategy involves the distribution of flyers, posters and brochures as well as "Why join the AMA" talking points cards. (Marketing the AMA) This is also facilitated by the free print-on-demand services that the Website offers. Marketing to the public is also promo toted by extensive media exposure. This refers to the public health proposals, recommendations and resolutions that are made by the American Medical Association. For example, the AMA stand against smoking has achieved a high media profile, which I turn has promoted the Association's ideals and aims."
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Cardiology Intervention, 2008.
Explores the debate regarding the use of coronary artery bypass surgery versus drug-eluting stents.
9,915 words (approx. 39.7 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 201.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the current debate among cardiologists and cardiac surgeons regarding the use of coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) versus drug-eluting stents (DES). The author concludes that the research indicates that, even though cardiac surgeons have conducted many studies that appear to show the benefits of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) with accompanying DES, there are still very serious considerations to using these interventions in certain groups of patients, especially those with multivessel coronary artery disease. This paper recommends future research with multicenter trials comparing use of PCI with DES as compared to CABG in terms of both short-term and long-term benefits, mortality rates, revascularization rates and other benefits or complicating factors in order to establish or disavow the superiority of PCI with DES. Thirteen figures are included with the paper.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Statement of Problem
Key Terms and Definitions
Background of Study
Unprotected Left Main Stenosis
Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease
Summary
Conclusion
Recommendations for Future Research
From the Paper
"According to Gunn and Crossman other energy sources are also useful. Sonotherapy, or unltrasound may potential more as a treatment than as a facilitator 'for gene delivery and is 'benign' in its effect on healthy tissue." Photodynamic therapy, or the interacting of photosensitizing drugs, light and tissue oxygen, is under investigation and still only in very early development. Laser energy delivered "via a fine intracoronary wire, is used in a few centers to recanalize block arteries." Gunn and Crossman state that the role of percutaneous clinical "has extended to the point where up to 70% of patients treated have acute coronary syndromes.""
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Jean Watson's Nursing Theory, 2008.
An analysis of Jean Watson's theory of human caring.
1,966 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes Jean Watson's nursing theory of human caring. The paper explains that this theory is based on a phenomenological and transpersonal approach to the understanding of the interconnectedness of human relationships and other elements in the promotion of caring and healing. The paper then points out that one of the most important aspects of Watson's theory is that it is a method and a philosophy that transcends the dualistic subject-object division between patient and healer that has been the hallmark of conventional allopathic medicine and healthcare. The paper also looks at how this approach takes into account various aspects of the healing process, which can include ontological, philosophical, ethical, and historical aspects. The paper explains that the revolutionary aspect of this theory lies in its underlying theoretical dimension; namely the concept of being-in-relation. This concept addresses a gap in modern medical theory in thatit insists on the reciprocal and mutual interaction between the healer or nurse and the patient. The writer believes that it is through the connectivity of this process that the true in-depth value of this theory reveals itself.
Outline:
Introduction
Theoretical Origins
Curative Factors
The Application of Curative Factors
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In summary, Watson's theory is a new paradigm in healing and health care. The main point of her theory is that it attempt to address what she sees as an increasingly technological emphasis in modern medicine and nursing which uses medical and surgical mean to cure ailment and disease to the exclusion of the myriad of other tools and methods that are an essential part of the healing process. Watson poses an alternative and contrasting view which focuses on "...conscious compassionate skills that help patients achieve a healthy state of mind, body, and spirit" (Norred C. 2000). The therapeutic interpersonal relationship between the nurse and patient is the focus of emphasis."
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Wellness Programs in the Workplace, 2008.
A research study on wellness programs in the workplace and their impact on healthcare costs.
3,675 words (approx. 14.7 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 101.95
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Abstract
This paper examines wellness programs in the workplace in the form of a literature review on this specific subject. The paper also focuses on the impact that wellness programs have upon healthcare costs. The paper explains that the objectives of this research are specifically in making a determination of the cost-effectiveness of workplace wellness programs and particularly as related to reduction in health care costs for the organization. The paper then looks at how the literature is replete with evidence in support of development and implementation of workplace wellness programs and asserts that the significance of this work lay within the additional knowledge that this research work will add to the existing knowledge base in this subject area. The paper also explains that methodology employed in this research work is one of a qualitative, comprehensive, and interpretive nature in that the researcher will review the available peer-reviewed and scholarly literature in this subject area that is found in journals, periodicals, and other academic material appropriate to support qualitative research findings.
Outline:
Introduction
Research Aims and Objectives
Significance of Research
Methodology:
I. Wellness Program and ROI
II. Reasons for some Programs Failure
III. Important Elements for Ensuring ROI and Success
IV. Screening process is 'Key'
V. Cost-Benefit and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
VI. Components of Wellness Programs Identified
VII. WELCOA: 'Seven Best Practices' Identified
VIII. Benefits Reaped by the Organization
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The reason stated by Holtyn for failure of many of the wellness programs is that they are not designed in a comprehensive manner and because the programs "lack standards of practice and evaluation" which limits the ability of the programs to "demonstrate their effectiveness and impact on employee health and well being." (Wellness Program Management Advisor, Health Resources Publishing, 2006) The first area assessed in the wellness programs are stated to be: '...worksite environment' and 'corporate environment'. According to Holtyn: "Working within those two [environment], you can have some pretty robust results in terms of risk reduction. A study of worksite environments includes an examination of onsite vending machines, cafeteria menus, smoking policies and other policy issues within a given company's organization..." (Wellness Program Management Advisor, Health Resources Publishing, 2006)."
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Educating Adolescent Females about STDs, 2008.
A research paper examining the effects of educating adolescent African- American and Hispanic females about sexually transmitted infections in small groups.
15,002 words (approx. 60.0 pages), 56 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper aims to to identify an effective sex educational model for the adolescent African-American and Hispanic female population. It then aims to measure the outcome of knowledge retained and behavior modification changes by the cohorts as compared to the knowledge retained and behavior modifications by the control group who were exposed to Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) education by traditional large group educational methods, such as the school sex health education (SHE) format. It compares the intervention group's knowledge with the control group, exposed to an interactive small group educational approach.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Chapter 1: Introduction
Statement of the Problem
The Purpose of the Study
Research Questions
Hypotheses
Variables
Definition of Terms
Assumptions
Limitations
Scope
Delimitations
Chapter 2: Review of Literature
Chapter 3: Methodology
Part One
Part Two
Part Three
Part Four
From the Paper
"Because resources are by definition scarce, identifying what source of sex education adolescents prefer represents a good first step in developing timely interventions. This was the focus of a recent study, "Adolescents' Preferences for Source of Sex Education," by Somers and Surmann (2004), wherein the researchers examined adolescents' preferred sources of sexual education (e.g., peers, family, school, media, professionals, etc.) concerning a variety of topics, and whether patterns varied for each gender, race, grade, and economic group. The study group used by Somers and Surmann consisted of 672 adolescents of both genders, three race/ ethnicities, and varied economics and geography. These researchers determined that overall, parents were clearly the preferred source of sex education by this diverse sample of adolescents; the next preferred sources for adolescent sexual education were school and peers, but the media, siblings, and self were not generally endorsed as preferred sources of sex education (Somers & Surmann, 2004). These researchers also identified some variations by demographic groups in their findings (Somers & Surmann, 2004)."
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Using Hypnosis in Pain Management, 2008.
An analysis of the efficacy of using hypnosis in pain management.
14,541 words (approx. 58.2 pages), 49 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to develop an overview of hypnosis in general and how it can be used for pain management applications across a wide range of treatment settings. The paper includes a critical review of the literature and provides a synthesis of timely and relevant clinical studies concerning the efficacy of hypnosis in the management of pain for different types of patients and conditions. The paper summarizes the research and presents salient findings in the concluding chapter.
Table of Contents:
Chapter 1: Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Scope of Study
Rationale of Study
Overview of Study
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature
Chapter 3: Methodology
Description of the Study Approach
Data-gathering Method and Database of Study
Chapter 4: Data Analysis
Chapter 5: Summary and Conclusions
From the Paper
"Medical applications for the use of hypnosis for analgesic purposes clearly illustrate well-documented, powerful forms of social influence on pain as well (Craig & Hadjistavropoulos 37). In this regard, Myslinski (2003) reports that, "Using the power of suggestion, a hypnotist gets his subject to focus on a single thought or feeling, until the subject's state of consciousness is altered. Hypnosis to relieve pain is used in dental offices, during childbirth, and after surgery. The patient may also be taught to hypnotize himself: Professor David Spiegel of Stanford University has found that women with advanced breast cancer who practice self-hypnosis need less pain medication" (132)."
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David Kessler's "A Question of Intent", 2008.
A review of David Kessler's book about the use of factual data and public policy, "A Question of Intent".
975 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that David Kessler's book "A Question of Intent" demonstrates how even something apparently objective, like factual data regarding science and human health, is still open to subjective interpretation and influence in the political arena. The paper points out that, during his tenure from 1990 to 1997 at the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Kessler created more aggressive agency policies in regards to tobacco regulation, food labeling and prescription drug approval. The paper then relates that, in his book, Kessler explains how and why he chose to take a more proactive regulatory role in regards to the agency's responsibilities overseeing the health of the American public.
Table of Contents:
Public Policy--"A Question of Intent"
Incident 1: Big Tobacco
Incident 2: Food (mis) Labeling
Incident 3: Drugs
From the Paper
"Although American consumers might like to think they have grown savvier about reading food labels and understanding food misleading food advertising, Kessler was one of the first FDA heads to realize that apparently innocuous labels could contain a great deal of misinformation because of the way they were marketed, and only contain accurate information if consumers interpreted the 'fine print' hidden in an inaccessible fashion on the label. He required food manufacturers to stop calling processed foods fresh if they had been made with frozen tomatoes or orange juice made from concentrate."
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Sex, Drugs and 18-30 Year Olds, 2007.
An in-depth research analysis into the reasons that so many young British tourists are attracted to Amsterdam.
7,354 words (approx. 29.4 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 162.95
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Abstract
The paper describes the reasons for the attraction of young British people to Amsterdam where sex and drugs are freely available.The paper concludes that it is undoubtedly apparent that the underlying factor that appears to provoke young British tourists visiting Amsterdam are directly related to the flourishing array of sex and drugs found throughout the city. The paper includes several different graphs, charts, and tables.
Outline:
Introduction
Amsterdam; Characteristics Set Apart
Drug Use
Drug-Use Deaths in Amsterdam
Sex, British and Amsterdam
Perceptions toward British Tourists
Questionnaires
Argument
Research Methods
Data Analysis
Charts and Graphs
Results
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Be it true that the lure of sex and drugs is what entices the young individuals of British descent to visit Amsterdam; concern may lay heavy in the dangers exposed to those who are predominantly young and engage in these common practices throughout the Dutch city. In any instance of drug use or sexual behavior, there are indefinite susceptibilities to the transmission of diseases. As HIV and AIDS are among the most dangerous for anyone to contract, the spreading of such diseases must be considered as highly potential threats to these tourists."
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