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Prochaska's Stages of Change Model, 2008.
Applies Prochaska's 'stages of change model' to author's experience as a nurse practitioner.
1,850 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Prochaska's 'stages of change model'
demonstrates that some behaviors are entrenched and therefore require a great deal more action, thought and support than others. The writer describes the model's six stages of change and then relates the application of Prochaska 'stages of change model' to the nurse practitioner's primary caregiver role as a useful agent of information and change for patients. The writer then presents a case in which she used this nursing model.
From the Paper
"Nursing theory is also applicable in this endeavor because the types of changes that are associated with nursing diagnoses, that have been utilized by me as a professional nurse, prior to becoming an NP are compatible with the concepts of slow, positive progressive change. Being an agent of information and resource and referral for real sustainable change in the lives of patients is an overarching goal of immediate and long term nursing diagnoses goals. Being the first line of information is a crucial role of the nurse."
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The Impact of Cognitive Function on Hearing Impairment, 2008.
This paper provides a critique of the research paper "Does Cognitive Function in Older Adults with Hearing Impairment Improve by Hearing Aid Use?" by van Hooren et al.
1,773 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the main hypothesis of the study, "Does Cognitive Function in Older Adults with Hearing Impairment Improve by Hearing Aid Use?", can be stated as follows: while hearing aids show significant results in terms of auditory improvement, there is no proof to suggest a related improvement or increase in cognitive ability as a result of the application of a hearing aid. The writer explains that the study refers to cognitive functions such as memory, attention, executive functioning, and processing speed. The writer also explains that it should be noted at the outset that this hypothesis presupposes a connection, albeit based on prior research sources, between hearing or hearing enhancements and cognitive functioning. Thus, this is an aspect that forms part of the critique in this analysis of the paper. The writer points out that it is also suggested that the methodology used to ascertain cognitive correlation is to some extent not adequate in terms of the complexity of determining quantitatively a definite link between hearing aids and improved cognition.
From the Paper
"The methodology used in this study was comparatively simple and conventionally straight-forward. In essence a relatively small number or participants were used in this study - which is also a point of contention with regard to the results and conclusion of this research. In total there were fifty-six participants (mean age 0/72.5) who were fitted with hearing aids were compared with 46 control participants (mean age 0/74.5) with an equivalent impairment, but who were not fitted with a hearing aid. The study took cognizance of a number of variables and factors that could influence the results of the experiment. These included neurocognitive tests after 12 months. However, it is also possible that these tests in terms of personality and individual psychological components were not sufficient. This aspect is possibly one of the reasons why the study did not return the expected correlation between hearing aids and cognitive improvement."
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Master Tung's Acupuncture Treatment for Back Pain, 2008.
An analysis of the history and development of Master Tung's acupuncture treatment for back pain.
3,396 words (approx. 13.6 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 96.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a critical review of the literature, a series of case studies and illustrative vignettes to provide a history of acupuncture. It discusses its typical applications and methods and how the techniques developed by Master Tung have been refined and improved by his followers over the years. The paper provides a summary of the research, salient findings and recommendations.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Rationale of Study
Overview of Study
Preliminary Review of Related Literature
A Brief History of Acupuncture
Master Tung's Acupuncture
Modern Applications of Acupuncture
Constraints to Acupuncture
From the Paper
"While the application of acupuncture techniques has proven efficacious for a wide range of conditions, including chronic back pain, there are some constraints involved in its use with some people who appear to be genetically incapable of benefiting from the practice. For example, scientists have determined that certain strains of mice do not appear to respond to the pain management potential of acupuncture because they lack the necessary genetic opiate receptors. In this regard, Cargill (1994) reports that, "Some people who do not respond to needling--a 10 percent minority--may fail to do so because they, too, genetically lack these requisite neural receptors" (p. 41). Other people, particularly in the West, may simply believe that such complementary and alternative medical approaches will not work for them, thereby creating a self-fulfilling prophecy as to the efficacy of the approach. Despite these constraints, though, it appears that the benefits of properly administered acupuncture techniques far outweigh any potential constraints, and this forms the essence of the purpose of the proposed instant study."
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Military Health Care, 2008.
Looks at the debate around military health care.
1,095 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the development of programs to privatize military health care, in an attempt to cut costs has created much debate for the last ten years. The writer points out that the adequacy of availability for standard care as well as combat or on duty injuries and illness care is questioned all over the nation, as many individuals claim difficulty in access and high cost as barriers to receiving even the most basic care, including follow up care for injuries sustained in the line of duty. This problem is especially troubling to families left alone while a parent is serving in combat.The paper stresses that the danger of privatization is pricing soldiers, their families and veterans out of the system with co-pays and fees that exceed their ability to pay.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Discussion
Summary
From the Paper
"If such programs are cut, or if fees price these families out of the system, where they may have the coverage on paper but rarely use it because they cannot come up with co-pays and or deductibles to do so would be an even greater blow to the nation, and specifically to the millions of military families, living with very low compensatory wages, and previously guaranteed benefits, such as health care. If such care, loses it guarantee through budget cuts not only with the soldiers themselves be hurt, but their families will be further burdened."
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Collaboration in Nursing, 2008.
This paper provides a concept analysis of collaboration in the field of nursing.
1,681 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the definition and usage of collaboration in nursing and healthcare. An exemplar format is used in order to provide a clear practical meaning to the information given. The exemplar demonstrates the ways in which collaboration in nursing can be used to provide better quality of care for the patient and increase the support network available to the nursing staff. The writer maintains that the concept of collaborative patient-centered care in the primary health care setting is essential to ensure that the patient receives optimal treatment. The writer concludes that collaboration not only provides a better quality of care to the patient, but also ensures that every member of the health care team is acknowledged as a valued contributor.
Outline:
Introduction
Defining Collaboration
Defining Attributes
Model Case
What the Concept is Not
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Although there are various perspectives apparent for the concept of collaboration, this piece will concentrate on the concept from the perspective of patient-centered care. From the literature review it is possible to compile a set of defining attributes for the concept of collaboration. These characteristics are reflective of the ways in which the parties involved interact to meet a common purpose. Firstly, collaboration involves the establishment of a common purpose to all parties involved. There should be a clear definition of the various roles which each party will take to achieve this purpose. Each member taking part in the collaboration should be respected as a valued partner in the collaboration. Each partner's knowledge and skills should be respected and utilized, with every partner participating in achieving the purpose. It is only if all of these defining attributes are met that the concept of collaboration is achieved as opposed to simply referral."
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Childhood Sexual Abuse, Dissociation and Self-Destruction, 2008.
This paper looks at the relationship between childhood sexual abuse, dissociation and self-destructive behavior.
6,829 words (approx. 27.3 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 154.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that living with a chronic mental illness or problem can be exceedingly difficult, and those that struggle with dissociation often experience many of the same problems. The writer points out that the basic assumptions of the psychiatric model are inconsistent with nursing practice, and therefore nurses who are asked to treat those who have chronic mental, behavioral, or emotional problems often have a great deal of difficulty adjusting their feelings and beliefs about what the patient should be treated for to fit in with the guidelines proposed by this model, which can cause disagreements and issues between doctors, patients, and families. A critique of the psychiatric medical model shows that this particular model views emotional problems that stem from abuse and other issues as though they were diseases. The writer then provides a review of related literature and looks at various related assumptions in this regard.
Outline:
Studies Involving Childhood Sexual Abuse and Dissociation
Studies Involving Childhood Sexual Abuse and Self-Destructive Behavior
Studies Examining all Three Variables
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Because the diagnostic tests for mental and emotional issues are so rigid and strict, the whole person is not examined. The lack of flexibility creates a restricted view of the individual who has come to seek help, and the process of giving patients these diagnostic tests becomes not one of helping them, but rather of classifying them into a specific category. While it is acknowledged that it is important to attempt to find what is 'wrong' with these individuals in order to treat them in the most appropriate way, individuals must be studied and classified on an individual basis. No two people who act the same way are exactly alike, and the diagnostic tests make it far too easy to assign someone to a category without really understanding the depth and nature of their problems."
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The Influence of Diet on Fertility, 2008.
A review of a study, "Semen Quality of Fertile U.S. Males in Relation to Their Mothers' Beef Consumption During Pregnancy," by S.H. Swan, F. Liu, J.W. Overstreet, C. Brazil and N.E. Skakkebaek, on the effect of diet on pregnancy.
6,574 words (approx. 26.3 pages), 24 sources, APA, $ 151.95
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Abstract
The paper is a review of a study on the effect of diet on pregnancy and discusses the relation of men's semen parameters to their mothers' intake of beef during their pregnancies. The study, "Semen Quality of Fertile U.S. Males in Relation to Their Mothers' Beef Consumption During Pregnancy," by S.H. Swan, F. Liu, J.W. Overstreet, C. Brazil and N.E. Skakkebaek, which is included with this paper, is well-documented with references and tables. The paper relates that partners of pregnant women took part in the study and recorded whether the male's mother had consumed beef or not and whether or not the consumption of beef during pregnancy had any effect on their son's fertility.
Outline:
Methodological Aspects
Research Design
Methods
Interpretive Aspects
Ethical Aspects
From the Paper
"How were issues of reliability and validity of the measures adequately addressed? The deciding variables for the subjects were analyzed statistically, and the mother's beef consumption was compared with their son's recorded sperm concentration. Sub fertile men's sperm concentration was examined in relation to the amount of beef their mothers consumed during pregnancy, and all men's sperm count was transformed with a logarithmic base 10 in order to distribute the parameter more evenly. Other factors taken into consideration in the analysis were the men's age, smoking, alcohol, body mass index (BMI), history of STD, abstinence time, and their own meat consumption. The mother's age, whether or not she smoked, whether or not she nursed her son and her meat consumption were initially examined in the model. This selection of variants was based on their proven importance in past studies, biological plausibility, sufficient numbers and evidence of the effect on the strength of the association with beef consumption."
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The Spread of Bacteria on University Campuses, 2008.
A discussion of the impact of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus on American University Campuses.
8,634 words (approx. 34.5 pages), 19 sources, APA, $ 182.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the impact of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus on American university campuses. The paper explains that methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) gained public fame as the notorious "flesh eating bacteria." MRSA is serious because, unlike non-resistant forms of Staphylococcus aureus, it does not respond readily to a host of antibiotics commonly used to treat such illnesses. This paper utilizes the results of a survey done on MRSA and university students to develop a plan that can be used by American college campuses to help control the spread of MRSA among the student population. The paper points out that MRSA is typically associated with a hospital setting, but as outbreaks began to occur that were obviously not of a hospital origin, a new classification system was developed. The paper then looks at how this classification system has more to do with disease prevention and community health than clinical treatment of the disease.
Table of Contents:
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: Literature Review
Chapter 3: Methodology
Chapter 4: Results
Chapter 5: Discussion and Conclusions
Appended is a survey questionnaire
From the Paper
"MRSA has been the subject of many clinical studies. There is an abundance of information one the various drugs that have been developed to help combat the disease, its history and mutations, and methods of control in various populations. A majority of the literature has focused on MRSA in the healthcare setting. However, there is a growing body of literature that addresses MRSA in settings other than in hospitals. The reason for this growth in interest regarding Community Acquired MRSA is the growing number of outbreaks on college campuses, particularly among sports participants.
Literature focuses on the clinical aspects of control and treatment. However, there is little information on the reason for the growing concern on college campus."
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Nursing Theory, 2008.
This paper discusses nursing theory, specifically in regards to self-care facilitated by Dorothy Orem's model and the mid-range theory of the community health model.
1,987 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the importance of nursing theory as not simply a philosophical abstraction, but as also useful for the demands for "description, explanation, prediction and control" during nursing work and study. Having a background in nursing theories can prove helpful because theories give clues as to what to ask, what to observe, what to focus on and what to think about when a nurse is under pressure or dealing with a noncompliant patient. The paper asserts that even grand theories have a practical emphasis. They can offer validation of the patient's cultural differences and self-empowerment and actualization through facilitating patient self-care. Self-care facilitation is a stress in many of the grand theories, as Orem's theory likewise attempts to address self-care deficits such as patient noncompliance with a dietary or physical fitness regime. There is always inevitable overlap between models, as contemporary nursing models and grand theories all strive to be limited to a focus on problems in nurse-patient situations or problems in person-environment interaction to be of use in practitioners in the field. Furthermore, the paper looks at the use of middle range theories in nursing, which some assert are more useful and more easily tested in practice. These mid-range theories act as subsidiaries of grand theories, and draw a great deal of their philosophy from grand theories. The major categories of knowledge reflected in different contemporary nursing models and grand theories, which include needs-based approaches, interaction-based approaches, outcome-focused approaches and humanistic approaches can be placed through the use of mid-range theories in a very specific context, such as pain management, or health promotion.
From the Paper
"Orem places a strong emphasis on exercise and physical activity that the patient can achieve him or herself. In the Community Empowerment Model, the nurse can provide counseling how to achieve such goals in the context of the patient's specific community and cultural environment (Extract from "Medicare Primary and Consumer Directed Care Demonstration: Health Promotion Nurse Intervention Model," 2002). The importance of exercise is directly derived from Orem's stress upon the need for the nurse to help the patient with such basic self-care modalities as nutrition, hygiene (including better sleep hygiene), mobility (including exercise), medication, and more empowered behavior. Orem also stresses patient empowerment in the context of direct nursing care, where the nurse has direct contact with client and/or family, along with Orem's the belief that self-care deficits are the result of environmental situations (Mayo, 1997).
"The environmental impact upon self-care also illustrates how the Community Empowerment Middle Range theory springs directly from Orem's influence, along with the pragmatic and humanist philosophical influences gave birth to Orem's stress upon patient empowerment during the entire process of treatment. The Community Empowerment Model also incorporates multiculturalism into its philosophy. Both theories share the logical positivist emphasis which stresses situations and context dictating the course of treatment, and the importance of taking into consideration the environment of the patient."
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Jane Delano and the American Red Cross, 2008.
Looks at the career of nurse Jane Delano, especially with the American Red Cross.
3,000 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an overview of the life and career of nurse Jane Delano. The paper specifically focuses on Delano's career as the director of the Red Cross Nursing Service. The paper concludes that Jane Delano is remembered today for her grit, her compassion, her intelligence and her calm demeanor, even when she was faced with the most disastrous situations.
From the Paper
"It must be noted that nurses have always been involved in the provision of services by the Red Cross, and most especially during times of intense conflict like for example a war, or during times of natural disasters, like floods or earthquakes. Historically, the Red Cross and its association with nurse's dates as far back as the time of the yellow fever epidemic in the year 1888, and thereafter, during the time of the Johnston flood in 1889."
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Healthcare for Immigrant Chinese, 2008.
A literature review studying the healthcare of recent immigrant Chinese.
5,765 words (approx. 23.1 pages), 32 sources, APA, $ 138.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the population of Chinese immigrants in the United States and points out that current first generation Chinese immigrants, whose previous healthcare in China, from 1950 to 2002, was under the Communist system, often have difficulties accepting the U.S. healthcare system. The paper defines culturally competent medical care as the provision of health and human services offered and delivered in such a way that are sensitive to language, culture and traditions of non-native immigrants, migrants and ethnic minorities with the goal of minimizing or eliminating long standing disparities in the health status of people with diverse racial, ethnic or cultural backgrounds.
From the Paper
"Changes in Chinese healthcare systems in the 1980s can be attributed to the privatization of the economy. The existing healthcare system was removed and nothing was made to take its place. Decentralization of the public health system and a lack of funding for public health efforts resulted in a significant decrease in public health education and epidemic disease control. It is with this background that many immigrants to the United States come to experience and perceive privatized health care. "
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Diet and Fertility, 2008.
An interpretive overview of literature relating to diet and fertility.
1,915 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a literature review dealing with with aspects aligned to the findings from the research article entitled, "Semen Quality of Fertile U.S. Males in Relation to their Mothers Beef Consumption during Pregnancy" by Swan et al. The paper also explores related and concomitant areas of concern that can shed further light on the hypothesis that the ingestion of steroids and other elements via beef by a mother may negatively affect sperm count.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Interpretive Overviews of the Links between Diet and Fertility
General Findings and Studies
Specific Indicators: Prenatal Diet, Environment, Ecology and Fertility
Conclusion
From the Paper
"An impressive overview of this aspect is 'Could hormone residues be involved?' by Frederick S. vom Saal. This paper was written partly as response to the study by Swan et al. Commenting on these findings; the author of 'Could hormone residues be involved?' suggests that, "There is extensive evidence that maternal nutrition and maternal consumption of specific nutrients, drugs and chemicals present in food during pregnancy and lactation can have consequences for subsequent pathophysiology of offspring.""
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