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Pennsylvania Universal Healthcare, 2008.
This paper looks at the merits of the Pennsylvania Balanced and Comprehensive Health Care Reform Act of 2005.
1,466 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that health care in America has been under a strain for some time, and people more and more believe that reform is needed and that major changes are required to reduce rising costs and increase affordability. In addition, the writer points out that many patients feel that the system is not responsive to their needs and that they do not have sufficient control over their own health care. Various reforms have been suggested, and one way of experimenting with reforms has also been suggested by leaving health care to the states so that each state can try an approach that may prove valuable and then be emulated by other states, in lieu of a federal system that would impose one answer on everyone. The writer discusses that Pennsylvania is one state that has developed its particular solution to the health care problem, developing a single-payer system known as the Pennsylvania Balanced and Comprehensive Health Care Reform Act of 2005.
From the Paper
"The history of efforts to institute some form of universal health care in the United States extend back more than a century, a form of coverage that is found in many other countries in varying degrees. In the United States, such efforts have generally met considerable opposition from business interests. The one exception has been Medicare, which is a single-payer system for the elderly. The private insurance industry is generally seen as not providing the coverage needed for all Americans, yet this industry has also been the leader in opposing any reform that would create a single-payer system with coverage provided by the government. Still, more stats are turning to a variation on a single-payer approach, and the current system in Pennsylvania was formed in imitation of the same sort of system in Massachusetts. In spite of the fact that this is a state effort and that it supports the idea of letting the stats experiment and then decide, conservatives and business interests have opposed it."
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Consumer Satisfaction with In-Home Supportive Services, 2008.
This paper presents a research proposal to determine consumer satisfaction among Russian immigrants with providers of In-Home Supportive Services.
2,082 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess the level of consumer satisfaction among a cohort of Russian immigrants that receive in-home supportive services. The writer explains that In-Home Supportive Services is a publicly funded program in California that provides personal assistance services to low-income persons suffering from chronic and/or disabling conditions that would otherwise prevent them from remaining safely in their homes. The writer notes that due to political and economic hardships in the former Soviet Union, many immigrants left in order to find better opportunities in the United States. This has resulted in the Russian immigrant population experiencing more rapid growth than any other population in the San Francisco Bay area. The proposed study will assess the perception of the quality of care that Russian immigrants receive from In-Home Supportive Services.
Outline:
Study Aim Background and Design
Participant Population
Study Procedures
Research Risks
Confidentiality
Benefits
Compensation
Costs
Alternative
Consent/Assent Process and Documentation of Consent/Assent
Investigator Qualifications
Funding Sources
From the Paper
"The recruiting process will begin approximately one month prior to conduct of the survey and interviews. Permission will be obtained from In-Home Supportive Services to obtain their assistance with the study. A letter will be mailed to potential participants in the IHSS database. The database allows the researcher to obtain the primary language of consumers prior to initial contact. The letter will announce the study and inform the consumers that they may be randomly selected to participate in a phone survey/interview. A letter of support from In-Home Supportive Services will be included that highlights the value and importance of the study, as well as their support of it. These letters will be in the primary language of the participant selected. "
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Military Health Care System, 2008.
This paper discusses the intricate health care system available for those in or working within the American armed services.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses health care for the quarter of the population of the United States which is in or has a job related to the armed services. A network of health care providers offer complete health benefits to these men and women and is worth over $45 billion. Specifically, this paper discusses the major components and partners of the U.S. Military Health System, which are health affairs, Army medicine, Navy medicine, Air Force medicine, U.S. Coast Guard medicine, the Tri-Care system, the Uniformed Services University health sciences, the public health service, the Veterans' Administration and the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services (HHS).
From the Paper
"The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), is dedicated to improving the health, safety and well-being of America. Their policy states that office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation's focus is on welfare, poverty, service delivery issues, data for research, policies affecting children, youth and families, and economic matters affecting the Department. The major areas that are covered are child welfare, consumer choice, data and information policy, data sources and statistics, early childhood and school readiness, employment and a host of other human relations related areas. The department deals not only with child welfare, but with substance (alcohol and drug) abuse, as well as violence and poverty. With this broad a spectrum, the department focuses on groups in the nation that demand its services most, such as the American Indian, Alaska Natives and Native Americans; the children of the nation, disabled, elderly, families, homeless, immigrants, low-income individuals and families, racial and ethnic minorities, rural populations, un- and under-insureds, veterans, workers and unemployed and youth. Currently, studies are being funded by this department in obesity found among American Indians/Alaska Natives, as well as gaps and strategies for improving these groups. Uninsureds and Under-insureds are being charted in the U.S. Health System Chart Book and employer-provided health insurance data is being collected in other funded studies."
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Pain Management in War Torn America, 2008.
A discussion of pain management in war torn America as described in the movie "Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas."
763 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the concept that pain ridden Americans are taking the idea of pain management into their own hands. More specifically, the paper discusses the movie "Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas" and hos the movie demonstrates that if the American legal system and physicians would provide better healthcare in the area of pain management, many people suffering from pain would not be abusing illegal drugs.
From the Paper
"Terry Gilliam's movie "Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas" deals with this bioethical issue of how a war torn country was coping with its pain. Throughout the movie, the audience is constantly bombarded with images and scenes of war. Clips from newsreels of Vietnam show up on the television and background radio noise. While driving to Las Vegas, a woman on the radio speaks about soldier's dying from illegal drug overdose. The circus they attend while in Vegas is likened to "what the whole hip world would be doing on a Saturday night if the Nazis had won the war. This was the sixth Reich," (Gilliam 1998). On one scene, Dr. Gonzo screams out "I just got back from Vietnam," (Gilliam 1998) while throwing up outside of a car, antagonizing a couple next to them in a taxi. Due to lack of physician orientated help, many soldiers and Americans turned to illegal substances. Dr. Gonzo and Hunter S. Thompson view these illegal substances as their "medication." They medicate themselves throughout the movie to ease the pain cause by the war and of failing to obtain the American Dream, "Learn to enjoy loosing."
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Family Counseling, 2008.
A discussion to determine whether or not family counseling can provide outcomes for clients that are commensurate with other types of counseling.
786 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
The paper investigates whether or not family counseling can provide outcomes for clients that are commensurate with other types of counseling-i.e. cognitive-behavioral therapy, psychodynamic psychotherapy, etc. The paper attempts to provide not only a clear understanding of the importance of the research but also a clear understanding of the current gaps that exist in the literature.
Outline:
Introduction
Review of the Literature
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In a similar vein of inquiry Fals-Stewart and O'Farrell (2003) compared therapeutic interventions for opioid-dependent patients. In this review, recovering addicts were assigned to either a family therapy group with individual support or an individual-based treatment (IBT) only group. All patients were supported with naltrexone therapy to help them cope with the physical aspects of addition. The results of the investigation indicate that family therapy participants were more likely to attend scheduled treatment sessions and had a lower rate of relapse than participants in the IBT group. Further, at one year follow-up, family therapy participants had fewer drug related legal and family issues."
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Heavy Alcohol Use and the Brain, 2008.
A review of the effects of heavy alcohol consumption on the brain.
2,365 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that there are many studies into the long-term effects of heavy alcohol use and notes that it may lead to shrinkage of brain material. This in turn may lead to short-term memory deficits. The paper also relates that it is known that heavy alcohol use impairs the hippocampus which affects memory.
Outline:
Introduction
Brain Shrinkage and Short Term Memory Loss
Hippocampus Activity and Memory Loss
Conclusion
From the Paper
"As discussed earlier in the essay, heavy consumption has been associated for some time that with reductions in the numbers of cholinergic neurons in the forebrain. The forebrain cholinergic neurons are distinguished into two groups, those of the basal ganglia and those of the basal forebrain. The cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain project to the cortical regions, and the most rostral of these project to the allocortical regions such as the hippocampus. Therefore reductions in numbers of these cholinergic neurons will lead to reductions in activity of these allocortical regions, including the hippocampus. It is also possible that alterations in modulatory transmitter inputs such as cholinergic innervations may also play a role in the reduction of hippocampus activity without the actual loss of cholinergic neurons themselves. However in tests which have been performed on rhesus monkey models it has been shown that hippocampal activity reduction which is related solely to these alterations in modulatory input and not reductions in numbers of cholinergic neurons are unrelated to observed changes in memory function of any kind (Calhoun 475). This does not mean however that the reduction in hippocampal activity related to actual loss of cholinergic neurons does not lead to degeneration of memory function."
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Volunteerism and Seniors in Northwest Indiana, 2008.
An analysis of how non-governmental organizations and faith-based activities can combine to improve the quality of life of elderly residents in Northwestern Indiana.
1,762 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the concept and importance of volunteers in caring for the elderly. It describes the author's background in undertaking volunteer activities within Northwest Indiana and relates it to a large picture of how NGO (non-governmental organizations) and faith-based activities can combine to improve the quality of life for area residents. The paper also addresses specific concerns within the context of Northwestern Indiana, which has substantially different demographic imperatives than neighboring areas, such as South Bend, Chicago Metropolitan and the southwest suburbs of Chicago.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Nationwide Demographic Trends
Specific Demographics in Northwest Indiana
Specific Social Welfare Problems of the Aging
Depression
Compliance with Medical Regimens
Assisted Living Needs
Providing for Social Welfare Needs
Non-governmental Providers
Faith-based Efforts
St. Francis Healthcare Services
Catholic Charities of Gary and Lake County
Social Welfare for Seniors: A Significant Gap in Care
Conclusion
From the Paper
"This network of Catholic healthcare facilities established throughout the Midwest works through its subsidiary, St. Margaret Mercy Hospital. As noted above, there is relatively little aid for seniors with significant mental and physical problems after they leave the hospital. St. Margaret Mercy focuses on patients who are based at home, but may need to have volunteers who take responsibility for the unmet psychological and social needs of elderly residents who may not have a family infrastructure.
"As we've seen above, basic needs beyond acute hospital care may be ignored amongst older patients. The St. Margaret Mercy program takes advantage of the new VAS (Advocates for Seniors Program) structure established in the State of Indiana to have volunteers spend time with, evaluate, and, when needed, represent the health and psychological interest of elderly residents."
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Spontaneous Otoacoustic Emissions, 2008.
Examines research relating to spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs) as part of a research proposal.
2,165 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a research proposal to study gender and postural changes and their effects on spontaneous otoacoustic emissions. To explore this subject one must first understand what spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs) are, what role gender has on SOAEs and what the implications are of such roles and studies. Further, the paper explains that this research will provide information on the role posture has related to SOAEs and its implications. To achieve this the researcher asks the following questions: (1) what are SOAEs and what role does gender have on SOAEs (2) what role does posture have on SOAEs and (3) what implications do these findings provide? .
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Background
Discussion and Conclusions
From the Paper
"Bilger, Matthies & Hammel (1990) conducted an earlier study of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions to better understand and delineate their effects or purpose. Using information and data gathered from three studies conducted in the early to mid 1980s, the researchers discovered female subjects experienced a much greater prevalence of SOAEs than males (P(S|F) = .533 females). The researchers also noted evidence from previous studies suggested regardless of gender SOAEs were more prevalent in participants right ears than in the left ears."
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Otoacoustic Emissions, 2008.
Discusses the meaning and value of otoacoustic emissions (OAE).
4,235 words (approx. 16.9 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 112.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that otoacoustic emissions or OAEs are low-intensity sounds produced by the normal cochlea and by the cochlear outer hair cells as they expand and contract. The knowledge of the function of OAEs has provided new breakthroughs and insights into early intervention and treatment of deafness. The paper then describes the four types of OAEs, as well as ways to test, assess, and measure OAEs. Additionally, the paper discusses their clinical use and prognostic value. The paper concludes that their overall recognized value is in supplying information about cochlear function, which indicates hearing problems. This unique capability holds many promises.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Anatomy
Types
SOAEs
TOAEs
DPOAEs
SFOAEs
Measurements
Clinical Use
Low-Level OAEs Predict Susceptibility to Noise-Induced Hearing Loss
OAEs Can Cause Hearing Loss without Ear Damage
Recreational Hearing Loss
Tympanic Perforations
Retrocochlear Dysfunction
DPOAEs in Older Adults
Hearing Conservation Programs
Prognostic Value of OAEs
Perspectives
OEAs and Hearing Conservation Programs
Conclusion
From the Paper
"It has been proposed that OAEs are located in the peripheral portion of the eighth cranial nerve. These emissions appear to perform an instant modulation of frequency in the basilar membrane. Experts have established that directional hearing and noise reduction depend on inter-aural difference. They have, therefore, found it difficult to believe that a process could be working against these factors. Sound used to elicit an emission is transmitted through the outer ear. There, the auditory stimulus is changed from an acoustic to a mechanical signal at the tympanic membrane."
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Stress Related Illness, 2008.
This paper discusses the effects of stress-related illnesses caused by various elements within the workplace.
1,378 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the issue of stress-related illness cases experienced by an employee during his professional association with a company. The writer discusses legislation implemented with the intention of ensuring that people are not made ill by their jobs. The writer then looks at causes for mental stress within a company. The writer maintains that numerous studies have corroborated the strong inverse relationship that exists between unemployment and labor turnover rates. The writer concludes that this relationship extends to poor performers, who exhibit a much greater tendency to quit their jobs if external job opportunities are plentiful, and discriminatory practices are permitted.
Outline:
Introduction
Stress Generation: Work Place Discrimination
Racial Discrimination at Workplace
Workplace: Discrimination against Foreign Nurses
From the Paper
"The companies throughout North America have realized that their failure was attributed with the collapse of its supply chain system, the further investigation revealed that the failure of the supply chain system was associated with the flaws and irregularities reported within the system based upon discriminatory practices, it was observed that the poor implementation of the entire system was responsible for the debacle, therefore the company took the counter measures to subdue the impact of the system that was based upon the system of discriminatory practices, it was also observed that the lack of support and lack of coordination between the upper and lower category employees was also responsible for the failure, the failure resulted in the overall deterioration of the performance previously marked and achieved by the employees, the employees complained of discriminatory attitude and mental trauma which they experienced under the might of individual authority, whose actions deferred from the manifesto of the company. In some of the cases the mental stress was associated with the bullying and racial, sexual harassment from the employers against the employees of different culture and religion, which is the clear violation of the standard practices of merit. The stress and concerns were also built once the subordinates performed miserably, and the company suffered a major jolt, which shook up the entire team of the company. The company also observed increasing stress and mental illness associated with the proactive roles of the particular diversified unions within the system, and minor incidents of racial discrimination were reported, therefore the tensions prevailed because of the incorporation of the diversity within the workforce."
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Nursing Case Management, 2008.
A literature review investigating the role of nursing case management in the areas of quality of life and re-hospitalization.
1,795 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that nursing case management is a care delivery model designed especially to coordinate and manage high-quality patient service across the variety of healthcare systems. The author suggests that, with steadily rising medical costs combined with an increasing number of older patients, case management provides a means of practicing cost containment and yet providing excellent care. The paper conducts a literature review on the role of nursing case management in the areas of quality of life and re-hospitalization and concludes that the literature review was disappointing because it did not reveal any studies comparing case management versus traditional nursing care and that the articles reported generalizations lacking statistics.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Case Management and Quality Of Life
Case Management and Rehospitalization
Discussion
From the Paper
"In a study specifically providing care to older women with breast cancer, Jenning-Sanders and Anderson (2003) recognized the many challenges that an older woman and her family face when diagnosed with breast cancer. They hypothesized that using nurse case managers may help older clients and their families to adapt to the many issues associated with this illness. The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe how older breast cancer clients perceive the care received from nursing case managers."
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AIDS in Differing Cultural Contexts, 2008.
This paper discusses how AIDS and the HIV virus is viewed in different cultural contexts.
1,917 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that in the case of sexually transmitted diseases, which includes AIDS, the historical media representation of behavior, causal concerns has been relatively poor, as the initial limitations of who and why people are infected play a part in media coverage as well as lack there of. The writer points out that in the case of the HIV virus, or the virus that causes AIDS the media takes center stage in creating frenzy as well as reducing public concern over the matter as a result of it being a behavior based infection, and what many consider illicit behavior at that. The writer maintains that creating a dialogue where real issues, such as what it means to be gay, what it means to be from the third world, or the first world for that matter and what STDs really are, must replace preconceived notions about the right and wrong of human behavior and even existence. The writer concludes that the human animal is a victim of a naturally occurring epidemic that must be controlled and hopefully someday eradicated, without prejudice.
From the Paper
"The readership and follower-ship of such alternative resources was frequently limited to those who had been personally affected by the disease, until such media grew a voice strong enough to make others understand that they needed to demand from the popular press a realistic representation of the disease and its far reaching potential as a scourge of devastation, not unlike many other epidemics of the past.
"The idea that because a disease is an STD it deserves less attention, was so pervasive that the perception of STDs in general was in need of change, as STDs, had up to this point been seen as annoying but hardly deadly, and created a causal situation, even when the victims where unaware of their own infection and unknown ability to spread the disease. STDs were given little press, and even less public information was developed and accessible, outside health clinics that had been established in a feminist demand for equality in health care."
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