| Papers [61-72] of 357 :: [Page 6 of 30] | | Go to page : <— 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 —> | |
|
|
U.S Farm Subsidies, 2005.
This paper discusses the U.S. policies of farm subsidies in relationship to the international agricultural market.
1,620 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that, although the United States provides proportionally less support for its farmers overall than the E.U., it is the second largest supporter of agriculture in the developed world; some commodities, such as sugar, have overall support at E.U. levels. The author points out that evidence suggests that the current U.S. barriers hit the very poorest countries hardest. The paper relates that direct support given to U.S. farmers and the presence of significant trade barriers for certain products means that the United States agricultural production is higher than it would be otherwise, which lowers world prices; moreover, U.S. direct export subsidies, export credits and food aid are likely to have a further depressing effect on world prices.
From the Paper
"This evidence also suggests that the United States Generalized System of Preferences, U.S. GSP, program is not particularly generous with respect to agricultural products, a point supported by some WTO calculations. The estimated gap between the average agricultural tariff faced by middle-income countries, who will largely have GSP terms, and OECD ones, who will mainly face MFN rates, in the United States is only 1.5 percent. A wide range of agricultural products are indeed excluded from coverage under the U.S. GDP, and even the U.S. Africa Growth and Opportunity Act, AGOA, excludes many significant agricultural products."
| |
|
Organic Foods Purchase, 2005.
This paper is an extensive literature review of consumer behavior for the purchase of organic foods.
3,790 words (approx. 15.2 pages), 24 sources, APA, $ 104.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that research indicates that, in the United States, perceptions factors in the purchase of organic foods relating to food safety concerns are environmental contaminants, disease-causing organisms and pesticide residues. The author points out that useful knowledge for anyone wishing to introduce consumers to organic foods is that the consumer would not perceive much risk in food until after he or she has heard about some problem; however, once that happens, it would be likely that they would make biased judgments. The paper indicates that, in contrast to nutrition knowledge, perceptions about attributes of organic foods, such as importance of nutrition, appear to be good predictors of dietary behavior; therefore, consumer information programs must be careful to reiterated nutrition as a "salient attribute" of organic food if they want to be successful in encouraging consumers to behave in a certain way.
Table of Contents
What is Consumer Behavior?
Factors Affecting Consumer Behavior
What is Perception?
Perceived Risk in Food
Price Perception
What are Attitudes?
Willingness to Pay
Resource Deficit Model
Organic Food as a Strategy to Deal with Worries about the Safety and Quality of Food
Consumer Buying Decision Process
From the Paper
"Dean (1999) investigated three factors-advertising cues-he believed affected consumer perceptions (and therefore behavior) concerning product quality, uniqueness, manufacturer reputation and manufacturer corporate citizenship. It is likely the last of this list would have some effect on consumer behavior regarding organic foods, especially. The three cues Dean investigated were third-party product endorsement, brand popularity and event sponsorship. He found that the popularity cue lacked significant effect; also, he found that the three cues do not interact with each other significantly in forming a basis for consumer perception and arguably behavior."
| |
|
Wines of Hungary, 2006.
An overview of the Hungarian wine regions and industry.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The Arabian writer, Ibn-Rostech, mentions Hungarian vine growing in his 10th century chronicle. This paper examines the regions in Hungary where wine is successfully grown and manufactured. It discusses the different wines which grow in specific regions.
From the Paper
"The Valley of Mor runs between the Vertes and the Bakony mountains, and is the home of the Ezerjo, where the climate is cooler than average, mild winters, and long summer days (Hungarian1 pp). Vine varieties include Ezerjo, Rizlingszilvani, Leanyka, and Chardonnay (Hungarian1 pp). The climate in the Mecsekalja region, where vines have been grown for some 2,000 years, is sub-Mediterranean, sheltered from the north wind, hot summers with lots of sunshine, and mild winters, producing varieties that are full-bodied and high in sugar, and include Cirfandli, Italian Riesling, Chardonnay, and Furmint (Hungarian1 pp)."
| |
|
Medicinal Uses of Plants, 2006.
This well-researched paper examines the sudden resurgence of interest in medicinal plants, which is due not only to their potential health benefits but also to the enormous amounts of money involved as well.
1,669 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper supplies significant research which proves that medicinal plants, commonly referred to as medicinal herbs, have been successfully used by man for more than 60 thousand years. The uses of medicinal plants have ranged through the entire spectrum of the physical and psychological maladies that can afflict the human race. The writer of this paper examines the various vaccines made from medicinal plant preparations which are designed for oral consumption as well as the numerous health benefits attained by properly ingesting these herbs. This paper also analyzes the business aspect of the medicine plant trade. Through relevant research, this paper estimates that world sales of medicines derived from plants, discovered and collected by indigenous tribes and cultures in 1990, amounted to some $43 billion.
Table of Contents:
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Etiology, Applications and Common Medicinal Plants Today
Current and Future Trends
Conclusion
Works Cited
From the Paper
"According to Zerner, the majority of the knowledge about medicinal plants today has been accumulated based on empirical observations over long periods of time. Likewise, Crellin and Philpott note that observations of the use of different plants by sick animals has always been a valuable source of information for early practitioners, and many continue to believe this is a valuable source of reliable information concerning the efficacy of medicinal plants today. Even the nonmedicinal uses of these various plant materials has helped the body of knowledge through increased familiarity to the point where, "Nowadays, many herbalists believe that they have an almost intuitive sense of whether or not a plant is medical. Ten of the most popular medicinal plants today are bilberry, cranberry, echinacea, feverfew, Ginkgo biloba, goldenseal, kava kava, milk thistle, saw palmetto, and St. John's wort."
| |
|
Dutchess County Case Study Response, 2006.
A response to a Dutchess County, New York case study on municipal services and the agriculture sector.
895 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 31.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper presents a response to a Cost of Community Services Study that compared the costs of providing municipal services to agriculture and other sectors of the community with the tax revenues generated by each sector. The paper looks at whether the study adequately quantifies financial benefits and discusses the inadequacies of the study.
From the Paper
"It is difficult to make a definite decision because of the lack of valid information about the achieved benefits and the lack of valid information about the potential economic benefits. However, it is suggested that these kinds of efforts do have value. For this value to be seen though, the efforts need to be organized and managed better. For example, the potential economic benefits need to be identified, including the potential income from farm products and the potential income via tourism. If proper research was conducted, an effective plan could be developed to take best advantage of the opportunities. The promotional activities could then be effectively directed. Resources from within the community, including time and money, could also be directed effectively to gain the best economic advantages."
| |
|
Pennsylvania?s Natural Resources, 2006.
This well-researched paper details Pennsylvania as state with a long and rich history as well as vast natural resources and a vigorous environmental program.
2,098 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The writer of this paper clearly details the ecological and environmental makeup of Pennsylvania, while also supplying relevant data and statistics regarding the state's economy. Due to the abundant supply of ore and hardwoods for furnaces, iron smelting became important in the 18th century and by the 19th century, Pennsylvania became the nation's leading steel producer. Although the state still manufactures metal products, chemicals and transportation equipment, this paper describes how heavy industry has declined in recent years. This paper delves into Pennsylvania's rich history while citing several major events. Pennsylvania has also been the site for some of America's most horrendous ecological disasters. In 1889, the South Fork Dam gave way after a heavy rain and destroyed the downstream factory town of Johnstown, killing over 2,000 people in what has come to be known as the notorious Johnstown Flood. The first oil well in the U.S. was drilled in Pennsylvania in 1859. Pennsylvania became a leader in the U.S. iron industry during the days of the American Revolution. This paper also discusses the fact that Pennsylvania spends a disproportionate share of development money on outlying areas while abandoning established communities, just one of the reasons why Pennsylvania still has a long way to go before it will be a sustainable state.
From the Paper
"Pennsylvania's state forest system includes sixty-one special natural areas and fourteen wild areas that are set aside to "protect unique or unusual biologic, geologic, scenic and historic features, or to showcase outstanding examples of Pennsylvania's major forest communities." Generally speaking, sustainable forestry is defined as protecting the long-term health and viability of forests by using management techniques that value "all uses of the forests," thus, protecting the forest "ecosystem, recreation, clean water, and the production of timber for current and future generations." Pennsylvania employs sustainable forestry practices of its 2.1 million acres of state forestlands. In 1998 and 1999, a team of scientists praised Pennsylvania's commitment to its forests and its "exemplary practices and innovation in managing forest resources."
| |
|
Protecting the Farm Industry, 2005.
Examines the policy of protectionism in the U.S. farm industry.
2,129 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 66.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This work examines reasons for protecting the farm industry in the U.S. and researches the history, as well as the origin of protectionism in the farm industry. The paper questions who is protecting the farming industry and looks at the advantages, as well as the disadvantages. The paper also examines who is gaining and who is suffering from this policy.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
Historical Information
Tariff Timeline
Protectionism: The Facts
Advantages of Protectionism
Disadvantages of Protectionism
Who Gains from Protectionism
Failing Farms - Hungry People
Saving Farms - Feeding the Hungry
Summary and Conclusion
Works Cited
From the Paper
"Those gaining from protectionist laws are "special interest groups" such as big corporations, unions, farmer's groups and others who have political clout and money to back their interests in seeing laws favorable for them passed. These groups intend to get away with charging higher prices and getting higher wages than could normally be expected in a free market. According to Walter Black, Senior Economist, Fraser Institute, Canada, "Protectionism is a misnomer. The only people protected by tariffs, quotas and trade restriction are those engaged in uneconomic and wasteful activity. Free trade is the only philosophy compatible with international peace and prosperity.""
| |
|
Agriculture and Genetically Modified Food, 2005.
Discusses agriculture and GM food in the development of third world countries.
1,628 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The term GM foods or GMOs (genetically-modified organisms) is used to describe agricultural crops and plants which are grown for both human and animal consumption, through the use of techniques from the science of molecular biology. This paper examines the heated debate which surrounds the topic of GM products. In many third word countries, GM products are associated more with big business and money and less with help for poverty stricken countries. The paper shows that, nevertheless, the prevalence of GM produce cultivation and usage is on the increase globally. The paper includes a graph.
From the Paper
"Despite these aspects, there is a large body of dissent and opinion against GM products in the third world and elsewhere. Much of this disagreement originates from developing counties, particularly in Africa. There are many reasons given for the opposition to GM crops. The central argument against GM products is that many feel that these foods have not been tested enough over a sufficient period of time. Many critics also see the use of GM product in third world countries as a form of experimentation. There is also a high degree of awareness throughout the word of the possible dangers of tampering with the genetic composition of foodstuffs."
| |
|
Genetically Modified Food, 2005.
Examines the debate surrounding the issue of genetically modified food.
1,284 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
Genetic modification is the direct manipulation of the genetic makeup of organisms and is especially common within the agricultural industry. This paper shows that during recent years, the appearance of genetically modified foods in the marketplace has spawned much heated debate in the public arena regarding the ecological and human health factors. The paper explores some of these issues and examines the views of those who are pro-GM and their critics.
From the Paper
"The ISP report claims that not only have GM crops failed to increase yields or reduce herbicide and pesticide use, they have cost the United States an estimated $12 billion in farm subsidies, lost sales and product recalls due to transgenic contamination (Independent pp). Moreover, in India, massive failures in "Bt cotton" are up 100 percent (Independent pp). Moreover, triple herbicide-tolerate volunteers that have combined transgenic and non-transgenic traits are now widespread in Canada, and multiple herbicide-tolerant volunteers and weeds have emerged in the United State (Independent pp)."
| |
|
Rural Areas of India, 2006.
A clear look at ways to incorporate rural areas of India into the developing economy of the country.
1,181 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
In this paper the author outlines the poverty, malnutrition, disease and lack of good agriculture that is abundant in the rural areas of India. He highlights villages where tragedy has occurred. The author proceeds to discuss suggestions of how to improve the plight of these despondent rural areas and gives examples of how to support non-agricultural labor through education programs in order to stimulate and maintain growth elsewhere in rural economies, reducing the reliance upon unreliable environmental conditions present in agriculture. The author also points out that critical both to agriculture and to quality of life in general, are such issues as irrigation, sanitation and medical attention, which he suggests can be addressed by aid organizations. The author suggests ways that these issues can be addressed through government bodies and other charity organizations. In conclusion he states that it is imperative to provide economic stimulus to the country as a whole through increased agricultural output and increased work-force strength both in terms of health and education.
Table of Contents:
Introduction and Model Exploration
Proposal Based on Model Systems
From the Paper
"As is apparent from the models provided in Zimbabwe, Malawi and the Bihar Plateau, support of agriculture is key to addressing both immediate and long-term nutritional needs as well as economic growth of rural areas. Because of the symbiosis present between poverty and under nutrition, short-term measures such as emergency food and water relief are not sufficient to address the problem of under nutrition on an ongoing basis, and chronic use places undue fiscal burden on aid organizations and the Indian government. A more far-sighted and ultimately successful method of resolution incorporates both top-down and bottom-up relief, integrating short-term, immediate relief efforts with long-term, delayed benefit policies."
| |
|
Agriculture in Syria, 2004.
Explores how agriculture is considered an engine of growth in this Middle Eastern country.
1,394 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper provides a history of agriculture in Syria from the beginning of the last century. It shows how agricultural trends have shifted and examines the outlook for the future.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
History of Agriculture
Early 20th Century
Middle 20th Century
Latter 20th century
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Beginning in 1950, Syrian farmers expanded the use of fertilizers and new seeds, and began practicing new farming techniques. As a result, productivity in cotton, fruit and vegetable cultivation improved. In 1953, agriculture provided 40 percent of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Changes in rainfall rates affected crops, with secondary effects on the rest of the economy: trade, transport, and food processing. The low rate of growth of transportation had an adverse effect on the development of important agricultural regions."
| |
|
"The Inward Garden", 2005.
This paper reviews "The Inward Garden: Creating a Place of Beauty and Meaning" by Julie Moir Messervy, which explores the possibilities of creating garden spaces that work on us in an intimate fashion.
1,130 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 0 sources, $ 39.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains Julie Moir Messervy in her book "The Inward Garden: Creating a Place of Beauty and Meaning" defines archetypal landscapes or spaces, which are universally evocative and meaningful, the landscape of "within-ness" or "immersion". The author points out that these gardens may include features such as water, a very large sweep of grass, a very dense growth of bamboo in a thicket or a cave. The paper suggests a very important element in the construction of gardens is the use of walls or sections of fencing to separate different areas of the landscape, to create the background for demonstration of garden art or to hide unsightly views.
From the Paper
"They also have a sense of isolation which may prompt guests to spend some time there and think about the unexpected turns of life that they have faced. When one has changed the house in winter, then they normally wait for spring to arrive so that they start on designing the landscapes for the new yards that they have. Yet, this is not an easy task, and landscaping the complete yard, with a lot of nooks and crannies may be a big task. This can be simplified with the use of temporary annuals till one has decided on the correct combination of perennials or shrubs. These can be of warm colors like red and orange and they will provide a bright background to draw attention to the area. If the area is too large, then cool colors like blue or green should be used to make the area appear smaller and more distant."
|
|
|