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Biotechnology and Food, 2002.
Examines whether the advances in technology and the advantages thereof, are worth the potential risks.
3,010 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper begins by presenting the many benefits technology in the food production process has provided. It looks at how food can now be genetically produced to eliminate unhealthy elements of certain food types and how fruit and vegetables can now be produced which stay fresher longer, etc. The medical and environmental advantages are discussed and then the disadvantages are also mentioned. These include animal cruelty, ecological imbalances and undiscovered health risks.
From the Paper
"Every day we awaken is another day closer into the future we envision for our advanced civilization, a future that varies for each individual but includes many of those ideas shared by countless books, movies, and television programs. As science continues to make rapid advances in all areas from astronomy to medicine to technology, that future becomes a greater part of our present. While some pioneers work on flying cars and others concentrate on faster computers, biotechnologists busy themselves with the manipulation of DNA, the makeup of all organisms and the biological basis for both a species? and an individual?s characteristics. Recent advances in this technology, known as biotechnology, include cloning and gene therapy, a possible form of treatment for a variety diseases."
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Interpretive vs. Post Processual Anthropology, 2001.
An anthropology paper discussing the differences between processual and post processual anthropology..
1,397 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how many people believe processual and interpretive archaeology to be completely different schools of thought. By looking at the seven main concepts of processual archaeology and the eight main concepts of interpretive archaeology, the writer demonstrates how they go hand in hand as well as complement each other. The example used is the origin of agriculture.
From the Paper
"Though processual archaeology and interpretive archaeology appear to take different approaches to the study of the human past, they share a common end goal: to understand how societies came into being, how they developed and how they worked, all using data from the archaeological record. The two circles of thought each claim their distinctiveness from the other, but if we compare and contrast their main points, we will see how these two methods relate very closely. In other words, their main differences may just be in terms of scale of analysis. By examining the articles on the origins of agriculture (Redding; Richerson, Boyd, and Bettinger; Hayden; and Hodder) and the approaches of the authors in terms of processual vs. interpretive archaeology, we will see the strengths and weaknesses of each. Ultimately, this analysis will provide insight on how a combination of both fields may prove a more effective method for the study of the human past."
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Genetically Modified ( GM ) Crops, 2002.
Discusses the importance of GM crops to worldwide farming.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 3 sources, $ 55.95
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Abstract
Discusses the importance of GM crops to worldwide farming. Division among people regarding use of GM plants. Benefits vs. ecological disasters. Safety issue. Review of recent studies on use of GM plants in the farm setting. Goal of GM crops toreduce need for pesticides. Harm to beneficial organisms.
From the Paper
"Introduction:
According to an article in Scientific America, genetically Modified (GM) crops are becoming an important part of worldwide farming with approximately 109 million acres under cultivation (Brown, 2001). However, most of the farmland is in the US (68%) and Argentina (23%), and the most common GM crops are soybean (36%), corn (7%), cotton (16%), and canola (11%). GM varieties are a major proportion of the total production of soybeans (58%) and corn (23%)(James, 2000).
The development and use of GM plants has divided people into 2 groups. One group believes GM plants offer benefits for both increased production of food and fiber, and decreased use of pesticides and herbicides. The opposing group believes GM plants will cause ecological disaster by inadvertently killing ..."
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Oranges, 2002.
Discusses the development of the citrus fruit as a crop.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, $ 55.95
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Abstract
Discusses the development of the citrus fruit as a crop. Origins and early historical function of oranges. Introduction to the New World. Growing popularity in America's citrus belt. Op[timal climate for growing sweet oranges. How growers combat frost. Effect of disease and economics.. Characteristics of oranges as a viable food crop.
From the Paper
"This paper is a discussion of oranges, their development as a fruit crop, and the effects of weather, climate, and other environmental forces on their growth. Although oranges are familiar fruits across the world, they are a relatively modern addition to international food choices, providing health benefits as well as culinary diversity. They can be grown widely but only within the "citrus belt," the latitudes that allow for the temperate climates and sufficient rainfall that the trees need to produce healthy, good-sized fruit.
Oranges are believed to have originated in the more tropical regions of China and the Malay Archipelago. Leon D. Batchelor and Walton S. Sinclair write, "Oranges and other citrus species have been cultivated from remote ages, and records of this early distribution from the original habitat to nearby countries are lost ..."
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The Postharvest Processing of Fruits and Vegetables, 1994.
This paper discusses the post harvest processing of fruits and vegetables: Handling, preservation, shelf life, technology, ripeness, temperature, cleaning and canning.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"Tremendous diversity exists among the fruits and vegetables. As a consequence of this variety, many types of food-processing and food-packaging technologies have been developed. Most of these machines tend to be markedly different. Their ultimate purpose, however, is the same: the main objective in postharvest processing the extension of plant product shelf life.
The term "shelf life" can be defined as "the time period that a food item can be expected to maintain a predetermined level of quality under specified storage conditions". This period can be affected by numerous factors. For example, with regard to fruits and vegetables, shelf life may depend on the specific botanical variety, cultivation practices, weather, harvesting techniques, and storage facilities. "
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Water in Los Angeles in the 1920s, 1994.
A look at the struggle between the city and Owens Valley over water rights. Includes land, planning, agriculture, drought, violence, construction of aqueduct and outcome.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 7 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"The Struggle Between the Owens Valley and Los Angeles over Water
This paper will discuss the conflict between the residents of the Owens Valley and the city of Los Angeles through the end of the 1920s over the appropriation of water in the Owens Valley by the city. The first part of the paper will examine the background of the controversy. The second part of the paper will describe the high point of the struggle in the middle part of the 1920s. The last part of the paper will discuss the outcome and the ramifications of this struggle.
Located on the eastern slope of the Sierra Nevada, the Owens River drainage system is long and narrow, extending 120 miles from the Mono divide to Owens Lake. Near the Mono divide, the floor of the valley is about 8000 feet above sea level; there is a drop of 2200 feet from the end of the Long Valley to Owens..."
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Agricultural Adjustment Act, 1993.
New Deal law aimed at saving the farming economy. Looks at the background, provisions, politics, effects and problems.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 3 sources, $ 71.95
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From the Paper
" Faced with a depression unparalleled in the history of the United States, in the winter of 1933 newly-elected President Franklin Delano Roosevelt embarked upon an ambitious yet politically pragmatic series of programs designed to jump-start the American economy from crisis to credibility. This series of programs came to be known as "The New Deal." Central to the advisor-initiated policies of the New Deal was the belief held by Mr. Roosevelt that the key to American economic recovery lay in the agricultural sector. Specifically, the President and his inner circle of economic advisors contended that by increasing agricultural income, combined with limited inflation and modest federal spending for relief and construction, his administration could pull the country out of the deep doldrums it had slipped into during the just ended, anti-federal-activism presidency of.."
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Agriculture in China, 1993.
An overview of the economic, sociocultural and political conditions related to entering the agricultural business field including food, fertilizer, barriers, planning and production.
6,075 words (approx. 24.3 pages), 7 sources, $ 135.95
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From the Paper
"Introduction
The People's Republic of China is predominantly an agricultural country in spite of her highly sophisticated civilization which is essentially urban in character. The rural population in China is roughly 80 percent of the total. That percentage of the population dedicated to agriculture is approximately 70 percent (Agricult. in China, 11).
The role of agriculture in China has remained an important central theme because of its need to feed more than one billion people. Even if China were more economically developed and could afford to buy large quantities of food abroad, such purchases could not be of a volume to relieve the Chinese agricultural..."
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Alar (Daminozide), 1992.
An examination of the human health effects of this pesticide on apples.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 7 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"Human Health Effects of Alar (Daminozide)
Applications on Apples
National concern about the adequacy of existing pesticide tolerances for public health protection has been stimulated by the findings of the study by the Board on Agriculture of the National Research Council (NRC, 1987), which examined the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) techniques for establishing tolerance levels for pesticide residues in food (3:158). Over the past few years, there has been public concern over the health effects of alar (daminozide, Uniroyal Chemical, Middlebury, CT) which is a plant regulator applied to apples in the midsummer. The background of alar and its health effects on humans will be discussed."
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Overpopulation and Hunger, 1990.
This paper analyzes truths and myths about the relationship of Overpopulation and hunger: Food supply, birth rates and control.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"Overpopulation and world hunger have been discussed as interrelating factors since the 1950s, when concern about the exploding "baby boom," particularly in developing countries, was considered in light of the growing international trade market following World War II. The purpose of this paper will be to analyze this relationship today, the truths and myths surrounding it and how elements such as food supply, technology, birth rates and birth control figure into the equation.
The world's population in 1950 was about 2.5 billion; some time in the late 1980s it passed five billion. This increase in the last forty years equals the total population growth over the millions of years from when man first emerged as a species. Further, the population is increasing by 80 million a year and it is expected that by the year 2025 the ... "
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Farm Trade Liberalization, 1990.
Discusses the challenge posed by liberalization of trade in agriculture. Seeks to identify the root causes of the difficulties posed by trade liberalization in agriculture.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 6 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
Farm Trade Liberalization:A Struggle Against Mythology
"Every recent effort to achieve liberalization in international trade has demonstrated that it is exceptionally difficult to liberalize trade in agriculture. Whether it is French cheese or Japanese rice, agricultural tend to appear as the stickiest issues in trade talks. More than other industries that provide many more jobs and a much larger share of GDP, agriculture seems able to command the sort of domestic support in many countries that makes political leaders shy away from liberalization.
This paper will discuss the challenge posed by liberalization of trade in agriculture, and seek to identify the root causes of the exceptional..."
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Agricultural Policy In USSR, 1989.
Compares Soviet policy under Khrushchev (1953-64) & Gorbachev (1985-91). Discusses Perestroika, central planning & collective farming, reforms, Western reactions, failures & successes, Marxist theory and production.
5,400 words (approx. 21.6 pages), 30 sources, $ 135.95
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From the Paper
"This research examines and compares agricultural policy in the Soviet Union for two different periods. These periods are (1) the contemporary period, which began in March 1985, with the election of Mikhail Gorbachev as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) Central Committee, and Chairman of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) Council of Defense, and (2) the March 1953.to.October 1964 time period, during which Nikita Khrushchev held the office of General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee.
Agricultural policy in the Soviet Union is of particular interest in early.1989, because it is a part of perestroika, the master policy through which Gorbachev hopes to restructure the country's economic and political systems (Gorbachev, 1987)."
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