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Foot and Mouth Disease, 2002.
Examines the economic ramifications of this cattle disease.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
In this paper, we study the economic effects of the risk of infection from imports and the losses incurred from a disease outbreak. Beef imports by the United States from nations with Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) are used as an illustration.
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Pork Industry, 2002.
An overview of the pork industry in Ontario, Canada.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
From piglets to production, the pork industry in Ontario has increased since 1976 to present. Pork industry has increased from 1 million head in 1976 to approximately 1.8 million head in Ontario on April 1, 2002. Information about why this increase came about and how the pork industry works is found in this paper.
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Indian Development, 2002.
Examines 21st century challenges to rural development in India.
2,650 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 15 sources, $ 97.95
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Abstract
An 11 page discussion of India, rural development and its adjustment to the international environment.
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Fusarium Fungi, 2002.
Discusses the taxonomy, structure, pathogens and uses of this fungi.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
A thorough description of the fungi in genus Fusarium, also explaining the complexities of fungal taxonomy with regard to anamorph/telemorph distinction. Discusses the toxic byproducts of Fusarium's life cycle, its presence as an agricultural disease, and its potential use as a biological weapon.
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Fusarium Fungi, 2002.
Discusses the taxonomy, structure, pathogens and uses of this fungi.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
A thorough description of the fungi in genus Fusarium, also explaining the complexities of fungal taxonomy with regard to anamorph/telemorph distinction. Discusses the toxic byproducts of Fusarium's life cycle, its presence as an agricultural disease and its potential use as a biological weapon.
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Bottled versus Tap Water, 2003.
Examines the pros and cons of both types of water.
986 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper examines and compares the advantages and disadvantages of bottled and tap water, both for the economy and for the consumer. The paper also examines the effects of both types on the environment, looks at the alternatives to bottled water and discusses the opinions of several experts on the subject.
From the Paper
"There are several alternatives to drinking bottled water. The main alternative is just adding a water filter to your main sink. The water filter will eliminate most of the chlorine and other chemical aftertaste that is prevalent in tap water currently. A water filter will cost approximately $100, but in the long term will save plenty of money, considering that the average family pays $90 a month for home delivery of water. Water does not nearly compare to the minerals found in fruit juices, which sell for approximately the same price. Another alternative is another drink that does not contain calories like unsweetened tea, which is also more nutritious than water. There are several other options that are more nutritious, and as affordable as bottled water."
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Water Subsidies, 2003.
Examines the positive and negative effects of providing farmers with water subsidies.
790 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
According to a 1994 GAO analysis, without water subsidies in California, farms would still be profitable. This paper first discusses the history of water subsidies, before showing their advantages and disadvantages. It ultimately argues that water subsidies should be done away with because of the billions of dollars they cost taxpayers each year and the fact that they encourage farmers to squander money.
From the Paper
"There are, however, far more negatives to providing farmer subsidies then positives. The main negative is the price of providing farmers with water - since 1902 we have lost 70 billion dollars in water subsidies, and it cost taxpayers approximately 2.2 billion a year (Candee). Also, the subsidies are not benefiting the farmers that need it the most, ?Many corporate farms circumvent the acreage limits in reclamation law, thereby preventing small farmers from buying land at prices that are affordable while giving those larger operators unintended competitive advantages (Adams).? These water subsidies also cause a large loss in water; the San Joaquin River is dry for more than 12 miles because the flow of the river has been used for agricultural purposes. In regions near large water subsidies there has been destruction of wetlands and a decrease in fish and wildlife populations. In my opinion the negatives outweigh the positives of water subsidies."
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Melatonin Production, 2002.
A proposal to study the effects of supplemental lighting on the reproductive functions of dairy cattle through changes induced in melatonin production.
1,524 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
Melatonin is a substance that is used in the husbandry of a variety of producing animals in agriculture. The substance is available for such applications as both injections and implants for the purpose of boosting melatonin levels in production animals. Alternatively, some research has indicated that melatonin production in agricultural animals can be increased through the use of supplemental light. This paper proposes a study to determine the effect of supplemental lighting on melatonin production in dairy cattle and to determine the effects of increased levels of melatonin production in dairy cattle on the productive output of such cattle. The paper also includes a literature review of the subject.
From the Paper
"In the contemporary period, diary farmers face increasing economic pressures through the interaction of demands for reduced market prices and increased costs of production inputs. Government subsidies no longer can be relied upon to provide stability in dairy farming. Thus, dairy farmers must seek ways to improve the productivity of their operations where possible. A failure to identify and implement effective strategies to improve productivity will lead to further declines in agriculture generally and for the quality of rural life more specifically."
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Railroads in Southern Brazil, 2002.
Examines the role of railroads in the economic development of southern Brazil from 1875 to 1930.
1,778 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
Railroads were first constructed in southern Brazil to serve primarily as growing coffee production industry in S?o Paulo state. Railroad growth in the region, however, facilitated the growth and development of other economic activities such as communication and agriculture. In its early stages of development, Brazil's socioeconomic activities were separated. According to the paper, railroads developed in response to the needs of an agrarian economy but served also to support the development of industry in Southern Brazil. The paper argues that the railroad aided in the integration of the economies of the states in southern Brazil.
From the Paper
"According to Poppino, because of the economic ascendance of Southern Brazil from the late-nineteenth century through 1920, which was facilitated by railroad development, "the locus of political power shifted permanently to the South, where S?o Paulo became the economic heart of the country, and a new class of industrialists, drawn from immigrants and the land holding elite, competed with plantation owners for prestige and political influence. Railroads, thus, developed in response to the needs of an agrarian economy but served also to support the development of industry in Southern Brazil."
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"The Ultimate Resource 2" by Julian Simon, 2002.
A review of Julian Simon's work "The Ultimate Resource 2" with a focus on the theme of ecology.
3,221 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
This research examines Julian Simon's "The Ultimate Resource 2", a book that deals with the ecological conditions of humanity and nature prevailing on the planet. The paper sets forth the general pattern of ideas contained in the work and then focuses on Simon's views of three issues in particular-- population, pollution and natural-resource capacity. After reviewing the different issues raised in the piece, the writer provides a conclusion which includes the opinion that Simon tends to select his issues with some care, highlighting those that tend to support his own viewpoint.
From the Paper
"Simon's argument on population is built around a refutation of Malthusian theory, which concludes that the power of population is far greater than the power in the earth to produce subsistence for humanity. Malthus expressly insists on a direct connection between population and food supply; Bongaarts makes the point that Malthus predicted a increasing deprivation and starvation as growing populations outstripped the food supply" (Bongaarts 37). Simon makes the case that history has never borne out this dire prediction and that all previous predictions that population would overtake food have been wrong. In a modern, technology-driven society, it would be impossible for the world to contain too many people."
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The Farm Service Agency, 2002.
An introduction to the Farm Service Agency, part of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
1,499 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an insight into the Farm Service Agency which was established in 1994, essentially as a continuation of the former Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service (ASCS). It examines how the ASCS had long been administered by the Farmer's Home Administration (FmHA), a Depression-era agency which managed farm loans. It looks at how farm loan programs were created in response to well-established characteristics of agriculture-- the uncertainties of weather and other factors that influence crop prices, the need of farmers for operating loans and the tendency of farm commodities to come on the market all at one time (e.g., harvest time), with a resultant glut effect on prices.
Outline
Introduction
Overview of the Farm Service Agency
Mission of the FSA with Respect to Agriculture
Organization of the FSA
Sources of Loan Funds
Relationships to Funding Sources
Loans and Terms Offered
Purposes and Types of Loans
Example Loan Program
Amounts of Loans
Maturities of Loans
Repayment Terms
Loan Costs (Interest Rates, Fees, etc.)
Types of Loan Programs
What the Agriculture Industry Should Know about the FSA
The FSA in Oklahoma
References
From the Paper
"The FSA is organized into and administered through so-called County Offices, though each office may be responsible for several adjacent counties. Individual County Offices are staffed primarily by employees who formerly served in the ASCS. In addition, however, some offices have an Agricultural Loan Officer attached, or have regular scheduled appointment hours with a visiting Agricultural Loan Officer. The Southwest Farm Advisor (1999) online fact sheet recommends that borrowers try to work directly with the Agricultural Loan Officer, since the ex-ASCS staff members at County Offices "simply are not up to speed" on current loan procedures."
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The Brazilian Rain Forest, 2002.
An ecological examination of deforestation and agricultural growth in the Brazilian rain forest region.
2,509 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This research explores the twin problems of deforestation and agricultural growth in the Brazilian rain forest. The research sets forth the ecological context in which these issues have arisen, as well as ways in which the problems have affected the biosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere of the region. It then discusses the range of past and projected responses to the problem with a view toward forecasting possible lines of development and resolution.
From the Paper
"Such issues have been at work in Brazil for decades. As early as the 1950s and 1960s, partly in cooperation with UNESCO, Brazil's government undertook economic-development projects in Brazil, in Amazonia (Amazon, 1967) and in another major rain forest system called the Atlantic Forest. Such aggressive industrial development occurred in the latter region over the years that the great mass of the Atlantic Forest has all but disappeared. Only remainder patches of unspoiled lush vegetation survive in the current period, from the million-kilometer area of former times (Dean, 1997)."
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