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WTO Agricultural Negotiation, 2004.
This paper discusses the agricultural negotiations of the World Trade Organization (WTO), an independent international organization, which establishes and maintains rules governing global trade.
2,440 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Doha Round held in 2001 was a once-in-a-generation chance to change the rules that govern international agricultural trade so that both consumers and producers in both developed and developing countries would benefit. The author points out that the WTO agriculture negotiation has been viewed by many as an imbalanced instrument because it gives special and differential treatment to developed countries by strongly protecting them, while putting pressure on developing countries to liberalize more. The paper includes the '12 steps' program that is recommended for global human rights and food security.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Literature Review
Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The issues slated for discussion in Cancun centered on agriculture?s three pillars previously mentioned. The Ministerial also had to discuss services; market access for industrial goods; the implementation of the Uruguay Round and special and differential treatment; geographical indications; investment, competition, government procurement and trade facilitation; environment; trade rules; and dispute settlement. The overall objective was defined as the narrowing down the gap between rich and poor countries."
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Puppy Mills, 2004.
This paper argues that puppy mills, mass-production, puppy-raising farms that breed animals in a deplorable and reckless fashion, should be banned.
820 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the art of puppy breeding began shortly after World War II when the US Department of Agriculture encouraged farmers to raise puppies as crops because traditional crop-growing had stalled. The author points out that an owner purchasing a puppy raised in a mill is much more likely to purchase a sick animal, or worse, an animal with a personality disorder resulting in the dog being given up to a shelter for adoption or worse. The paper relates that proponents of puppy mills argue that the USDA has enacted legislation requiring licensing for certain breeders; however, there is much evidence indicating that, currently, the USDA does not have enough inspectors to enforce laws requiring minimum space and standards for puppy breading.
From the Paper
"Commercial breeders are one problem, breeding several types of puppy with profit as the primary motive. Many of the dogs raised in such kennels are not adequately screened for genetic illnesses. Also problematic are so called backyard breeder. Puppy mills however, are among the worst offenders, who breed puppies with little or no attention to their health care needs, socialization practices and placement protocols. USDA inspectors typically fail to inspect such mills."
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Genetically Modified Food, 2004.
A discussion of the pros and cons of genetically modified (GM) food.
1,461 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the debate over producing and eating GM foods. In particular, the paper reviews the decision by the U.S. government to send GM grain, via the WFP of the UN, as part of their food aid to Africa. The paper concludes that the U.S. was not correct in their decision to send GM grain to Africa, as well as being incorrect in forcing African nations to accept the GM grain and, indeed, acted unethically through its decision to act as it did.
From the Paper
"People against GM foods argue that the use of GM crops, manufactured (and more importantly, patented) by a small number of (US-owned) firms, will lead to small farmers becoming beholden to these large firms, which will mean the death of small business, in the developing world (which we are already seeing, on a huge scale), but also in the developed world, including the US. This would be globalization wrought on an epidemic scale, and would have devastating consequences for the world economy, as the large, monopolistic, firms could charge any amount they wanted for their seed, leaving competition a thing of the past."
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Hemp as an Alternative to Fuel, 2004.
Examines the advantages of using hemp as a source of fuel.
1,132 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
Hemp was an important crop for American farmers until 1937 when Congress passed a prohibitive tax on hemp production, the Marijuana Tax Act, and the hemp industry in the U.S. was destroyed. This paper shows how hemp has the potential for being an important resource in farming, medicine, and fuel production. The paper focuses mainly, however, on the environmental benefits of using bio-diesel produced from hemp seeds.
From the Paper
"Although, there are still restrictions on industrial hemp cultivation, pressure from industry in recent years has led to a relaxation of the laws, resulting in a wide variety of new products, ranging from clothing to cosmetics and ice-cream (29). Because hemp is easy to grow, even in the poorest of soils, and can be harvested in four months, its environmental sustainability is a major selling point (30). Moreover, as a plant, like all plants, it absorbs the main greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide, from the atmosphere as it grows and due to the fact that it requires very little energy to process, it saves money, conserves fossil fuels and reduces carbon dioxide emissions (31)."
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Genetically Modified Foods in Africa, 2004.
This paper discusses the debate surrounding the use of genetically modified (GM) foods as food aid to African countries.
1,955 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the debate over African nations refusing U.S. GM food aid encompasses a much larger scope than the Western debate over GM foods. The author points out that, not only must African nations consider the same human health and environmental implications of GM food as their Western counterparts, but also African countries must negotiate a minefield of political and economic concerns unique to the region. The paper states that the debate surrounding GM foods in Africa must take into consideration some uniquely African problems, including Africa's desperate need to feed its large population and the relative poverty of the African nations.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Background to Genetically Modified Foods and Food Aid
Arguments Supporting Genetically Modified Foods
Arguments against Genetically Modified Foods
The Pros and Cons of Genetically Modified Food Aid
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Later reports noted that Zambia's decision was influenced strongly by the UK-based BMA's fears about the spread of antibiotic resistance genes in FM foods to bacteria, and the potential for GM foods to cause allergies. Supporters of GM foods argue that the Zambia's decision was based on bad advice from the BMA. For example, the South African head of AfricaBio notes, "The American Medical Association backs GM food, as does the Royal Society in Britain, the Third World Academy of Sciences and the Food and Agriculture Organization". "
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Cassava, 2004.
An overview of the life history and economic value of this woody shrub.
3,026 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
The shrub, cassava, which is also known as manihot esculenta, is the main source of carbohydrates for millions of people worldwide. This paper examines the origin and economic value of cassava to humans. It then looks at the life history of the shrub, as well as its taxonomy and morphology.
From the Paper
"Within a week, the stem cuttings begin to shoot and roots grow. The plants that grow by planting seedlings take a longer time to grow and are found to be small and weaker than the plants bred by stem cutting. Stem cuttings from the same plant are genetically constant while seedlings are found genetically varied. The shoots increase and the roots began to extend within the first few weeks of appearance or coming out. After 8 weeks of planting tuberisation or root hardening begins. (Cock, 17)"
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Biotechnology, 2004.
This paper discusses that modern biotechnology has the potential and the promise to change radically our world within a matter of decades, especially in the areas of food production and medicine.
4,515 words (approx. 18.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 117.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, while the developing world has become one of the fastest growing markets for genetically modified crops (GMO crops), the vast majority of biotech crops are grown in the United States and other developed countries. The author believes that biotechnology, which increases the yield of existing land, may be the only way to save our valuable wilderness in the future. The paper relates that the realm of medicine and science, far more than the realm of food, is where one would expect to see strange, chimerical advances being made as history progresses towards the age of science fiction.
Table of Contents
Why Biotechnology?
Genetic Modification in the Food Production Industries
Biotechnology and the New Revolution in Medicine
Biotechnology in Warfare
Further Speculative Uses
Profits for the Developed World
Conclusion
From the Paper
"So it would be safe to say that transgenic foods obviously play a huge role in modern agricultural production and consumption practices. Those who fear for the future in terms of genetically altered foodstuffs and medicines might do well to notice that such a future is with us today. Currently, over 50 types of genetically altered plants, passed through the extensive screening procedures instituted by the American Federal Government, are being widely produced and consumed throughout the world. The reasons farmers choose to plant genetically engineered crops is related to the reasons why consumers often unknowingly prefer them. These transgenic crops are often healthier plants (requiring less herbicides, pesticides, anti-fungal sprays, and so forth) and may have more appeasing, appetizing and abundant yields. All in all, this translates into higher profit for farmers and for the corporations that sell seed stock."
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Genetic Modification, 2003.
Discusses the method and uses of genetic modification of plants.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 13 sources, $ 63.95
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Abstract
The paper describes the insertion of DNA into the plant chromosome to produce desired traits, such as resistance to insects and herbicides. It examines the reduction of farming costs, improved nutritional value, and longer shelf life.
From the Paper
"Introduction
Genetic modification of plants involves inserting segments of DNA into the chromosome to produce desired traits in the resulting plant. It is commonly used to make plants resistant to insects and to herbicides. This reduces the costs of far..."
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Farm Production in the U.S., 2003.
Examines the existence of agriculture in a private property setting as a major reason for its success.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 6 sources, $ 23.95
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Abstract
Discusses the effect of advanced technologies and the increased federal role in farming, as well as government farm subsidies programs and the acreage reduction program.
From the Paper
"In the last thirty years, total farm production in the United States has increased by eighty percent while at the same time this abundance has required less labor, capital, and physical resources to implement. This increase in farm production has been ..."
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International Harvester, 2003.
Examines whether the company's divestment of its agricultural segment was best in the long-term.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, $ 39.95
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Abstract
Discusses the history of the company and Cyrus McCormick's 1831 patent on a reaper, his marketing acumen, and ensuing mergers and acquisitions.
From the Paper
"When International Harvester divested its agricultural operations in the mid-1980s, some analysts considered it the end of a well-known and-at one time-highly successful American company. International Harvester was perhaps best-known for ..."
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Leaf-Cutting Ants, 2003.
Provides a scientific description of the problem caused to agriculture.
2,925 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 5 sources, $ 103.95
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Abstract
Discusses the ants' ability to quickly strip entire orchards of leaves, fungal gardens of ants, and the usefulness of leaf-cutting ants. Proposes an experiment to examine fungal parasites.
From the Paper
"Leaf-cutting ants (Formicidae: Attini) are capable of devouring enormous amounts of vegetation - about 20 percent of the fresh-leaf biomass in the Neotropics. This makes agriculture of non-native plants which have not evolved a form of ..."
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Food Lifestyles, 2003.
Discusses decline in the quality of food city people eat.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 2 sources, $ 39.95
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Abstract
Discusses decline in the quality of food city people eat, the role of the food industry, and its impact on the small farmer. Based on Wendell Berry's 1990 article, "The Pleasures of Eating", the author argues that eating is an agricultural act.
From the Paper
"According to Wendell Berry in his article, "The Pleasures of Eating" (1990), there has not only been a marked decline in the life of the small American farmer, as well as other rural life, but also a decline in the quality of food that ..."
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