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Rainforest Depletion, 2008.
This paper looks at the causes and potential effects of rainforest depletion.
2,588 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that tropical rainforests are arguably the most precious natural resource on the earth and constitute the world's most diverse biological eco-system. The writer points out that unfortunately, rainforests are being destroyed at an alarming and unsustainable rate and may even disappear completely within a few decades if the present rate of their depletion continues. In this paper the writer discusses the causes of rainforest depletion and the potential catastrophic effects of their rapid destruction.
Outline:
Causes of Rainforest Depletion
Direct Causes
Underlying/ Indirect Causes
Potential Effects of Rainforest Depletion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Commercial Agriculture is different from slash-and-burn farming and refers to large-scale farming of cash crops such as sugar, palm oil, natural rubber, coffee, cacao, and tropical fruits by business corporations. Such large-scale farming contributes to deforestation in a number of ways. The very meaning of 'cash crops' means that the commercial agriculture in only interested in maximizing his profits by using modern machinery, fertilizers and pesticides and is not bothered about the environment. A specific example of commercial agriculture is the palm-oil plantations in the South East Asian countries that have replaced vast tracts of tropical rainforests, especially Indonesia in the recent past. Widespread use of agrochemicals by commercial agriculture companies results in contamination of crops, soils, and ground water and the occupation of choicest land by influential corporations force the subsistence farmers further out into the forests leading to indirect deforestation."
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GPS Surveying, 2008.
An analysis of the use of geodetic positioning system (GPS) surveying technology in relation to the Meadowlands Xanadu Project.
6,498 words (approx. 26.0 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 149.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the use of GPS surveying in relation to a proposed land project over a garbage dump. The paper also outlines the necessary factors of GPS surveying to be used in the assessment, and discusses the advantages and end result. The paper explains that before the arrival of GPS technology, three- to five-person survey crews were used in comparison to a one- or two-person crew into the field in order to achieve the same results. The paper also looks at how GPS technology also provides complete, three-dimensional survey information, enabling and empowering the design and construction management team to excel at their phase of the project. The writer believes that future studies and advancements in GPS technology will pave the way for a brighter future in land use planning.
Outline:
Introduction to GPS Technology
Land Development in Relation to GPS Technology
Meadowlands Xanadu Project History
The Application of GPS Technology to the Meadowlands Xanadu Project
Benefits of Using GPS Technology in relation to the Meadowlands Project
Proposed Use of GPS Technology for the Meadowlands Project
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Control surveys are primarily used to establish the locations of arbitrary points. These points, called control points, may then be used as reference locations for performing additional survey work (U.S. Department of Commerce, 2007). The main reason for performing a control survey is to place control points in locations which are physically convenient for the intended survey work. Control surveys are generally performed to a higher standard of accuracy than other types of surveys (U.S. Department of Commerce, 2007). Control surveys usually consist of several different measurements to the unknown point from several known points, so that the measurements are taken from different angles."
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Beef Liver Consumption, 2008.
Looks at the consumption of beef liver from a food science perspective.
1,680 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a research study that aims to understand the aroma impact compounds of cooked beef liver. The research reviews how far back the knowledge of consumption of cooked liver of any type goes and why, prior to the knowledge of its nutritional value, it was considered important to eat liver. The negative connotation to eating liver both historically and presently is reviewed as well as who actually eats liver in both the U.S. and abroad. In addition, the paper famous liver dishes are reviewed as well as the current percent consumption of liver, specifically beef liver in the U.S. and why the rate of consumption is at this level. Lastly, this research paper reviews where the remainder of the liver goes to specifically the percent that goes in animal feed and the percent that goes into consumable or non-consumable products.
Table of Contents:
Objective
Historical and Traditional Consumption of Liver
Nutritional Value of Beef Liver
Beef Liver Consumption in the United States
Raw Beef Liver Consumption
Beef Liver Recipes
Liver with Sour Cream)
Vitamins and Minerals in Beef Liver
Review of the Literature
From the Paper
"There are two primary methods of raw beef liver consumption. The first method is to freeze the liver for two weeks after cutting into large chunks. The fourteen days of freezing is to make sure that pathogens and parasites are eliminated. The liver can be removed from the freeze and grated. The second method is cutting the liver into small pill-size chunks and after freezing for two weeks taking the liver the same as swallowing vitamins. Razaitis states that suggestions given by a Native Nutrition discussion group for liver preparation."
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Pesticides: Benefits vs. Risks, 2008.
An argument against the widespread use of pesticides.
955 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
The paper argues that pesticide use should be cut back dramatically in America because of the dangers they present to human health and the environment. The paper reveals the risk of illnesses that include cancer, neurological diseases and cognitive dysfunctions and describes the damage to ecosystems. The paper asserts that although pesticides are useful at eliminating destructive pests and can certainly boost food production, they cause more harm than good. The paper then looks at ways in which pesticide use can be reduced without unduly compromising agricultural productivity.
From the Paper
"The first argument to be raised in objection to the widespread use of pesticides is the legitimate threat these products present to human beings. A recent study released by the Ontario College of Family Physicians in Canada found - after carefully reviewing 250 studies from around the world - that repeated exposure to pesticides, be they "occupational" pesticides for farm use or home-and-garden pesticides, raised the risk of illnesses ranging from cancer to neurological diseases; habitual exposure to these chemicals, it was also determined, heightened the likelihood of reproductive problems, as well."
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Genetically Modified Foods and Hunger, 2008.
This paper argues strongly against the ideas in "Technology Will Save Billions from Starvation" by C.S. Prakash and Gregory Conko.
1,804 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
The paper argues against Prakash and Conko's belief in "Technology Will Save Billions from Starvation" that the technology of genetically modified foods and the attendant agricultural practices is an ecological boon and a nutritional miracle. The paper asserts that the purported nutritional benefits of genetically modified food can be found naturally in organic produce. The paper then dispels the myth that there is a need for more food and reveals that technologies which allow the production of more food still have not solved the problem of growing hunger. The paper notes the concerns regarding genetically modified foods and contends that the 'green revolution' is of great potential harm, not just to Africa, but to the entire world's future food supply.
From the Paper
"One of the benefits of biotechnology, according to Prakash and Conko, are that plants can be engineered to hold greater nutritional benefits, such as "higher quality protein, lower levels of saturated fat, increased vitamins and minerals, and many others" (426). Of course, there is already a type of farming which provides extensive nutritional farming, and that is organic. Unlike genetically modified foods, which have these nutritional benefits by virtue of scientific interference, organic farming allows foods to retain their natural nutritional character. The Organic Trade Association website discusses these enhanced (or rather unhampered) nutritional qualities of organic foods in detail, citing a number of scientific and academic studies as conclusive evidence. One study, conducted by the Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, found that rats fed on organic foods "were slimmer, slept better, and had stronger immune systems than those fed conventionally grown produce" (http://www.ota.com/organic/benefits/nutrition.html)."
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The Global Food Market, 2008.
This paper explores the issue of excess foods on the market by discussing the world food trade, dumping and biofuels.
1,348 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the problems that arise with the inexpensive foods that flood the market. The paper first explains how the global food trade can have a negative effect on the agriculture in developing countries. The paper then discusses the possibility of using crops for biofuels and examines the benefits and drawbacks of this solution. The paper concludes by stating that just continuing with the situation as usual is not an option.
From the Paper
"The concept of food trade seems such a simple one on its face. All people must eat in order to survive. If people have a surplus of food, it is better than if they have only a subsistence level of food or an insufficient quantity of food, no matter where that food comes from or what type of food is being produced. Inexpensive food is always better; lower prices mean more people spend less on food and quality of life improves all around. Global trade is better for the food trade because it keeps food prices lower. Finally, more land has to be dedicated to food production. All of these things seem simple and true on their faces, but how reliable are these statements?"
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Organic Farming: Advantages and Disadvantages, 2008.
An analysis of whether organic farming is a viable and ecologically beneficial method of food production.
1,410 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the debate over organic farming and discusses the advantages and disadvantages that are associated with it. The paper specifically focuses on whether organic farming is a viable and ecologically beneficial method of food production and looks at whether the method should be improved and expanded on over the coming years.
From the Paper
"In conclusion, organic farming has been proven to be a viable and ecologically beneficial method of food production and should be improved and expanded over the coming years. Improving and expanding organic farming is becoming increasingly necessary because food contamination, pollution, biodiversity declines, and deteriorating working conditions for farmers demonstrate that the world must develop a much more sustainable approach to agriculture.
"Critics claim that organic farming is not viable, primarily because it reduces crop yields and is inefficient in a variety of ways. But fallacious logic can be seen in many of their arguments, for study after study has shown that organic farming actually increases crop yields. This evidence refutes the primary argument of critics, many of whom are not objective anyway because they are affiliated with agribusiness conglomerates which profit from conventional farming and which are opposing organic farming simply because it reduces their business profits."
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Divergent Patterns of Agricultural Productivity, 2008.
An analysis of the reasons behind the divergent path phenomena of agricultural productivity growth in France and England.
2,573 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper explain the divergent patterns of agricultural productivity growth in France and England. The paper looks at different labor practices, preferences for rural over urban activity and the ability to engage in agriculture given what is provided by the country's geographical landscape. It uses these factors to explain the reasons behind the divergent path phenomena of agricultural productivity growth.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
1900 Agricultural Outlook: France versus England
Pre-1900s: An Early State of Equal Agricultural Activity
Agrarian Transformation and Industrialization
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Meanwhile, England embraced industrialization and urbanization. In the early 1700s, England was far from such industrialization, and there was "little economic growth in Britain in the second half of the eighteenth century" (Mokyr 81-2). When the Industrial Revolution eventually did arrive in England, it did not represent, contrary to popular thought, "a macroeconomic event that led to a sudden acceleration of the rate of growth, although growth eventually became an inevitable corollary" (ibid 82). On the other hand, it represented more of a "wave of gadgets" sweeping over Britain post-1760, which allowed goods to be produced more efficiently and at a higher quality (ibid). It also represented, depending on one's opinion, either the trigger for raised living standards or the signaling of lowered living standards for England (Nardinelli). Agricultural growth was certainly part of this revolution. Many scholars cite one of the main features of the Industrial Revolution as a movement from inorganic to organic materials (E.A. Wrigley, 1987 cited in Mokyr 83). Other important developments were increases in using machinery as labor power, something agricultural England embraced as France selected to retain its human labor pool as its primary agricultural power source. While the French farmers worked on the crops and fields with hand tools, machines in England became commonplace agricultural tools (ibid)."
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Hydroponics, 2008.
This paper explores the potential of hydroponics in plant growing.
1,597 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
The paper explains hydroponics, also known as soil-less culture, as a system of growing plants suspended or embedded in a non-soil environment. The paper explores the advantages that hydroponic growing techniques offer over soil-based growing techniques, but also shows how this is a highly technical and extremely demanding business. The paper concludes therefore that while hydroponic culture offers many possibilities, it requires considerable managerial and technical sophistication to be carried out successfully.
From the Paper
"Hydroponics, also known as soilless culture, is a system of growing plants suspended or embedded in a non-soil environment. While typical soil-based agriculture essentially dumps seeds into soil which may be less than completely healthy and which may expose the seeds to numerous pathogens, hydroponics allows a grower to maintain conditions which are most conducive to plant growth. This ability to control the growing environment results in higher yields compared to traditional soil-based agriculture. Seeds and young plants are not exposed to soil-borne diseases and pests. This is especially desirable in tropical situations, because it allows plants to go through their life cycles with minimal interruption, and without the threat of infestation."
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Agricultural Engineering, 2008.
A description of how to build improved broiler houses.
1,249 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper describes how advances in agriculture have been facilitated over the past fifty years. In particular, the paper provides in depth information as to how to construct and run a broiler house.
From the Paper
"To reduce heating costs and increase ventilation broiler houses are constructed with drop ceilings. The average broiler house is 40-50 feet wide and 400-600 feet long. The ceiling is suspended to help with the hygiene of the broiler house and to make it easier to catch the broilers. The dropped ceiling acts as a vapor barrier protecting the trusses of the broiler house. Dropped ceilings reduce the surface area of the broiler house and allows for the installation of insulation. The insulation is blown in and prevents heat gain during warm months heat loss during cold months. The walls of the broiler house are also insulated in the same way for the same reason. For maximum growth consistent warm temperatures are required (Fairchild)."
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Local Food and Health, 2008.
This paper explores the importance of local food systems to human health.
1,410 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the role of corporate entities in food production and distribution. The paper argues that we cannot discuss the human health aspects of local food production without critically addressing how the corporatization of food production and distribution has introduced numerous destabilizing health vectors in our food systems. The paper then shows how local food production is undeniably healthier than global food production and distribution.
From the Paper
"These "chemical stews" impact human bodies in numerous, and often unexpected, ways. Consider, for example, the contemporary health controversy over the excess use of antibiotics which - because of their widespread presence in the human population - have been losing their valuable potential as disease-fighting tools of our medical system. Studies have found that as much as 70 percent of the antibiotics present in our bodies today is present not from personal usage but indirectly through the consumption of animals who themselves have been excessively treated with antibiotics (Larsen 2007, p.21)."
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Ginseng, 2008.
This paper provides an overview of the use and properties of ginseng.
777 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that American ginseng is wanted mostly in the Orient, but it is a large business, with wild and cultivated ginseng producing $25 million annually. The paper discusses the history, purposes and cultivation of ginseng.
Outline:
Abstract
The Importance of Ginseng
The History of American Ginseng
The Planting and Cultivation of American Ginseng
The Purposes for Ginseng
From the Paper
"Often people see announcements about the use of ginseng and how it will help with different illnesses such as high blood pressure, but how true are these reports? In a supplement snapshot by Prevention, it tells how people use ginseng for a number of reasons including hot flashes, reducing cold symptoms, reducing sugar levels (2007, p. 67). American ginseng is wanted mostly in the Orient, but it is a large business with wild and cultivated ginseng producing $25 million annually (American Ginseng, 2006, par. 2). As a valued product, it is important to study the history of ginseng, the uses of ginseng, and how it is produced."
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