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"To Kill a Mockingbird", 2008.
A critical analysis of the theme of racism in the 1962 film "To Kill a Mockingbird" directed by Robert Mulligan.
808 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the critical elements of racism that arise as they pertain to Robert Mulligan's film "To Kill a Mockingbird". It looks at how in many scenes within the film, Mulligan effectively captures the spirit of Atticus Finch (Gregory Peck) and his desire to defend a black man from being wrongfully charged with raping a white woman. The paper also discusses how, by acknowledging the problems of racism in the South in the 1930s, Mulligan provides cultural and community based examples of racism that are realistic and poignant.
From the Paper
"The major issue in Mulligan's civil rights era film To Kill a Mockingbird is how racism is prevalent between families within the town. The Radley's are the racist faction that seeks to have the black boy hung for supposedly raping a white girl, and it is the Finch's that help to bring about justice to seek a legal means to try the case. Mulligan brings this conflict into focus, which is a major reason why the film depicts racism effectively as a cultural issue that divided communities in the 1930s. In Mulligan's characterization of the families, Nathan (Richard Hale) is very similar to Boo's dad, as he is racist and does not care for outsiders to interfere with the events that occur inside the Radley home."
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A Look at America in the 1940s, 2008.
A look at how American women and African Americans changed their view of themselves after the Second World War.
1,430 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
The following paper looks at how the Second World War changed American society in ways that few could have envisioned in 1939, by changing how African Americans and women saw themselves. It also explores the social, cultural, economic, racial, political, and gender contexts of the age in which two important primary documents shedding light on the struggles of both of these aforementioned groups were written.
From the Paper
"In 1941, A. Philip Randolph penned an article in the Black Worker entitled, "Call to Negro America to March on Washington for Jobs and Equal Participation in National Defense." In this piece, Randolph spoke of a "crisis" unfolding within America - a crisis that involved America's black population. As Randolph put it, "What is this crisis? To American Negroes, it is the denial of jobs in Government defense departments. It is racial discrimination in Government departments. It is wide-spread Jim-Crowism in the armed forces of the nation." Mr. Randolph went on to vigorously argue for full integration in the nation's fighting forces and for jobs in critical national defense projects; he also told his readers of what would happen to America if the cries of African-Americans for equal treatment was not reached: "if American democracy will not defend its defenders; if American democracy will not give jobs to its toilers because of race or color; if American democracy will not insure equality of opportunity, freedom and justice to its citizens, black and white, it is a hollow mockery and belies the principles for which it is supposed to stand..." In the end, it may be argued that the cataclysmic upheaval of a world war became the moment within which African-Americans set in motion the civil rights movement still to come."
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Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 60s, 2008.
A discussion on the US Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 60s.
941 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper deals with the US Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s - described by this author as the most important domestic social movement of the twentieth century. The writer then goes on to describe the ideas of Henry David Thoreau and Ralph Waldo Emerson, and looks at how the Civil Rights Movement successfully adopted the ideas of these two American philosophers.
From the Paper
"The Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s was, arguably, the most important domestic social movement of the twentieth century; at the very least, it was the most important social phenomenon to grip America since the close of the Civil War. Under the skillful leadership of Martin Luther King, Jr., the movement became famous for civil disobedience or the non-violent resistance to laws that perpetuated racial inequality and segregation. Civil rights activists, with the blessing of Dr. King, organized peaceful demonstrations, boycotts, voter-registration drives, marches, strikes and simply refused to obey laws they saw as wrong and unjust. Of course, an approach of this sort requires extraordinary courage and brings with it many risks - but, at the same time, the Civil Rights Movement acquired a moral grandeur and authority that made it very formidable (Brunner, sec.2). The next few pages will argue that, by pursuing civil disobedience, the Civil Rights Movement captured the essence of Henry David Thoreau's understanding of the concept. At the same time, by speaking the truth about the American condition, and by embracing a non-conformist approach designed to uproot institutionalized bigotry in the United States, the Civil Rights Movement echoed some of the principles laid down by Ralph Waldo Emerson in his famous essay, "Self-Reliance". With that in mind, the following paper will describe the ideas of Thoreau and Emerson, the Civil Rights Movement, and how the Civil Rights Movement successfully adopted the ideas of these two American philosophers. In the end, the movement benefited greatly from following the intellectual example of Henry David Thoreau and from following the demand of Emerson that people act as non-conformists in the pursuit of a great cause."
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Mary Ann Shadd, 2008.
A look at the life and work of Mary Ann Shadd and her important place in North American history.
1,651 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
The following paper looks at Mary Ann Shadd and assess her important place in North American (not merely Canadian or American) history. To wit, the ensuing several pages look at Shadd's prominent role as the first Black woman in North America to edit and publish a newspaper when she brought into existence the 'Provincial Freeman' in Windsor, Ontario, during the 1850s. Moreover, the paper looks at how Shadd vehemently rejected the strictures imposed upon her by virtue of being female and black and how she self-consciously carved out for herself a very public position on a wide array of issues. To determine what precisely it was that made Mary Ann Shadd so different from so many other women, the paper begins first by looking at her upbringing in a home wherein both her parents played integral roles in the early nineteenth-century Underground Railroad. Additionally, this paper explores her education and inquires into the role Quakerism played in shaping her vigorous intellect and her determination to use "common sense" - via the written word - to awaken revulsion against slavery and racial inequality. Finally, some time is devoted to looking at her many accomplishments as a publisher and as an educator.
From the Paper
"Shadd's work as an editor and publisher is only one small part of her contribution to history - both Canadian and American. In addition to her involvement in the newspaper industry, Shadd was also a teacher who, while not even in her 30s yet, organized a school for black children in Wilmington, Delaware - the same slave-holding state her family had fled from not so many years earlier. She also somehow found time to teach in New York City, West Chester, and Norristown, Pennsylvania. More significantly, Shadd opposed school segregation and, upon arriving in Windsor, Ontario, somehow scraped together the money from bemused parents to found a private school (with her at the head of course) that, ostensibly, rejected educational segregation. "
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Brown v. Board of Education (1954): Impact on USA, 2008.
An explanation of the "Brown v. Board of Education" case and its impact on American education.
1,963 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the case of Brown v. Board of Education (1954) that compelled school administrators and school districts to throw open their doors to African-American students after generations in which segregation had been the accepted norm in US education. This paper argues that "Brown v. Board of Education" was historic because it overturned the Supreme Court decisions of the past that had guided and legitimated segregationist education in America for decades.
From the Paper
"The case was significant, first and foremost, because it over-turned Supreme Court precedent. To be more precise, the Plessy v. Ferguson decision of 1896 had upheld the public policy of the state of Louisiana to segregate African-Americans. Particularly, the Court said that Louisiana was fully justified in having separate facilities for African-Americans and for whites as long as though facilities were "equal". In the Court's considered opinion, the Fourteenth Amendment - a constitutional amendment demanding equal protection under the law for all citizens and one that also impels states to treat equally all citizens under their respective jurisdictions - was not violated by the Louisiana policy of dividing black from white. As the High Court chose to interpret the matter, to the extent African-Americans and their sympathizers saw segregation as a sinister plot to suggest the racial inferiority of African-Americans, such a suggestion or intimation only existed because African-Americans chose to put that construction upon the situation. Of course, as it turned out, the High Court was rather profoundly mistaken."
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The 1950s: A Decade of Peace?, 2008.
This paper provides an outline of the 1950's political and social climate.
1,182 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the political climate of the 1950s was shaped by the Cold War, the fear of Communism, economic changes seen in the rise of big business and the military-industrial complex and by the aftermath of the success of the U.S. in World War II. The paper looks at the Korean War that started the decade and the foundation for the Vietnam War that was set by the end of the decade. The paper also examines the social change and social turmoil, with the Civil Rights Movement's birth. The paper illustrates how this era was not one of absolute peace, although it is seen as peaceful when compared to the demonstrations and protests of the 1960s.
From the Paper
"A security crisis developed in the 1950s with the fear of communism and the certainty that subversives had infiltrated nearly every facet of American life. The McCarthy era, as it came to be known, was referred to by many as a witch-hunt. This was a political crisis that was used by Senator McCarthy as a way of elevating himself and boosting his career, but the mass hysteria of the time made it possible for him to do this and also caused others to be accomplices in accusing people of being subversives."
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Educating, Empowering and Mentoring Young Women, 2008.
A discussion about the empowerment of women to ensure equality in society.
2,092 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how women have struggled for equality in society, though have never truly achieved it. The author mentions various women who have risen to positions of power and achievement, such as Margaret Thatcher and Mother Teresa and provides a more detailed account of Rosa Parks, the black woman who became a globally known Civil Rights leader. She concludes her paper by suggesting that more changes be introduced into society to empower and educate more women to become leaders of tomorrow.
From the Paper
"Educating, empowering and mentoring young women for leadership tomorrow sounds as though it is an idea that we may speak about, but one that in reality is too complex to achieve. This is because throughout society women have struggled for equality, though never truly achieved it; women have gained advancements, but only marginally; and women have maintained roles of leadership, though in minimal numbers as compared to men. Traditionally, women are taught to be "sugar and spice and everything nice", while males are taught that they have power over all that they survey and that their mistakes can be attributed to "boys being boys", while women are constantly reminded of Eve and that apple. So it must be asked, "how do we overcome these societal views and create an environment that supports achievement of this vast undertaking?" We begin by reflecting on history..."
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African-American Women and Drug Trafficking, 2008.
This paper explores the relationship between African-American women and the selling of drugs.
1,180 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the observation that young African-American women have a higher proclivity to sell drugs than other races such as their young Caucasian counterparts. The paper examines studies that shows this relationship between at risk behaviors and young African-American women. The paper also looks at research that explores how early adolescence affects African-American women later in adulthood insofar as drug-related problems are concerned. The paper discusses a proposed study that will determine the degree to which poverty and economic related circumstances contribute to drug trafficking in a specific urban center among the young African-American female population.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
II. Literature Review
III. Methodology
From the Paper
"This research project is designed to identify the primary factors related to the high incidence rate of young African American women who commonly sell drugs or engage in drug trafficking activity in the nation's urban centers. The working hypothesis states that poverty and related economic factors directly impact the study populations' proclivity to engage in drug trafficking as an economic alternative. While this might seem criminally obvious, there are social and cultural implications related to the study outcomes which the criminal justice system must learn to accommodate for such as devising adequate drug treatment programs for repeat offenders that better assess and target the contributing behaviors (Laudet, Cleland, Magura, Vogel & Knight, 2004). "
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Harriet Beecher Stowe's "Uncle Tom's Cabin", 2008.
Examines racism in Beecher Stowe's "Uncle Tom's Cabin".
1,045 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, without question, there are many troubling characterizations of African Americans in Harriet Beecher Stowe's, "Uncle Tom's Cabin". For example, the paper notes, the most articulate and "sympathetic" African Americans in Stowe's book are light-skinned, which clearly suggests that lightness of skin and personal merit were correlated in the mind of the author. The paper then argues that, in spite of these characterizations, Beecher Stowe generally sought to portray African Americans in a way that emphasized their humanity and potentiality. Thus, the negative stereotypes in the novel are outweighed by the book's many strengths.
From the Paper
"Obviously, besides the characters highlighted above, other black individuals in Harriet Beecher Stowe's most enduring work need to be looked at carefully - although there is really only room for one. That "one" is Tom, the apparent "accomodationist" whom critics have perceived for generations as a weak-willed and subservient individual who sought to ingratiate himself with whites as opposed to acting as a forceful leader of the African-American cause in his community."
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Civil War and African Americans, 2008.
A discussion of the Civil War's impact on African-American soldiers.
709 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the Civil War greatly altered the lives of tens of thousands of African-American soldiers and their families because of President Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation and his related decision to authorize African Americans to serve in the Union Army. The paper shows how historic events inspired an overwhelming number of former slaves to enlist in order to fight against the Confederacy that had enslaved them and also earn military wages so they could support their families.
From the Paper
"In the second chapter of his book, Climbing Up To Glory, Wilbur Jenkins examines how and why initial Northern opposition to African-American participation in the Civil War was related to the respective treatment African-Americans received from the Union and Confederate governments during the fighting. African-Americans eagerly offered to fight for the Union as soon as the war broke out, but authorities in Washington D.C. rejected their offers for political reasons. (Jenkins 29-31)"
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"Mr. Local Custom Must Die", 2008.
A critical review of the article "Mr. Local Custom Must Die" by George McMillan.
1,030 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the article "Mr. Local Custom Must Die" that conveys the depth of frustration felt by the southern Black in 1960. The paper explains that although the desegregation of the army and the landmark 1954 Supreme Court decision "Brown vs. Board of Education" paved the way for future change, there was little of that change visible to a black man in the South in 1960.
Outline:
Introduction
The Setting for the Article
From the Paper
"As the author mentions, hopes had been raised in the past, only to be dashed by subsequent stonewalling by the aristocracy of the southern power structure.
"There had been two events in the recent history of the author which provided encouragement that the black family might come closer to equality with their white counterparts: the integration of the armed forces following the Second World War, and the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision."
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Discrimination in the Music Industry, 2008.
This paper discusses how white musicians receive credit for musical genres originally created by African Americans.
1,558 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the racism and discrimination that still appears to exist in the music industry in general and in the jazz and hip-hop world specifically. The paper gives examples of white musicians who have grown rich by performing African-American music without having the actual African-American artist involved in delivering it. The paper believes that society must give recognition to African-American musicians where it is due.
From the Paper
"One type of music, Jazz, has its roots in many different countries and cultures, however, the primary development of jazz occurred in the United States in the deep south within the African American culture. In the early days of jazz, there existed a "set of white Americans, who had identified jazz only with liberation from the social responsibilities of full citizenship" (Jones 188). "As a musical language of communication, jazz is the first indigenous American style to affect music in the rest of the World" (Morgan). Jazz music is prevalent in most major metropolitan cities such as New Orleans, Chicago, and New York City (Morgan)."
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