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Gender and Academics, 2008.
This paper reviews an article by Lea Hubbard entitled, "The Role of Gender in Academic Achievement".
1,363 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the article, "The Role of Gender in Academic Achievement" by Lea Hubbard, which deals with issues such as the study of low-income African-American public high school students.
The paper states that the findings of this qualitative study suggest that gender and variables other than ethnicity and class distinctions are a prime determining factor in the performance assessments and achievement levels of African-American public high school students.
From the Paper
"The above assertions are dependent on the qualitative research method using a sample of 30 highly successful, low-income, African American public high school students. It should be noted at the outset that the study is limited in terms the extent and range of its data sample. This not only refers to the emphasis on the low income selection and the category of 'successful student," but also to the important fact that the sample group is the participant in the AVID program. While this does not necessarily invalidate the findings of the study, it should be borne in mind as it indicates the parameters of the study and affects any generalized assumptions that can be derived from the research. This is essentially an ethnographic based qualitative study, and, as will be become evident in this review, this form of research method has obvious limitations in terms of validity and overall worth as a research methodology."
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Social Work Pioneers, 2008.
This paper focuses on four African-American pioneers in social work.
1,121 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the lives and achievements of Jane Addams, Roger Cummings, Whitney Young Jr. and Sara A Collins Fernandis, four African-American social workers. The paper relates how their achievements brought opportunity and rights to groups of individuals who were denied such things in the past. The paper looks at the implications their work has had for modern day social work practice.
From the Paper
"Jane Addams was born in Cedarville, Illinois, and lived until 1935, when she passed away I while living in Chicago, Illinois. The most prominent event that Jan Addams is remembered for is founding the Settlement House Movement. This was initiated when she founded the Hull house in the poverty stricken streets of Chicago in 1889. Also of note, she was the first American woman to ever receive the Nobel Peace Prize."
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The Compromise of 1850, 2008.
An analysis of the failings of the stated aims of the Compromise of 1850.
975 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Compromise of 1850, an important event in the history of the United States. The paper specifically argues that the events following the Compromise and especially the subsequent development of slavery as an institution proved the limited impact this set of laws had on the definite resolution of the issue of slavery. The paper further discusses the historical background of the laws and then looks at the failing of the initial and official stated aims of the legislative initiative.
From the Paper
"First and foremost, in 1850, the Missouri Compromise was relatively untouched. By then, each state had followed the rule imposed by the 1820 agreement. California's desire to be admitted in the Union as a free state met the opposition of the South which saw this as a threat of the equilibrium. However, the Compromise had balanced this decision by agreeing on the Fugitive Slave Law, which stipulated serious punishments for any person aiding a fugitive Southern slave in the North. In this sense, consensus was reached and a certain balance was kept, while the basics of the democratic constitution were kept. (Rozwenc, 1957)"
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African American Students, 2008.
A research proposal to identify and address the various factors affecting the academic achievement of African-American students.
927 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
The paper states that previous research has typically addressed only one or two factors that affect the academic achievements of African-American students. This research proposes addressing the all-encompassing factors after having identified the various factors that do have an effect upon the academic achievement of these specific students.
Outline:
Statement / Background of the Problem
II. Research Design & Theoretical Framework
Setting/Participants
Research Questions
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Significance of the Study
From the Paper
"Qualitative methods have been used in the study of the behavior of humans since the inception of the field of psychology. Theoretical work in recent critical psychology has placed emphasis on the value of qualitative methods while study has been focused on "statistics and scientific objectification" (Fox and Prillentensky, 1997; as cited in Osborne (2001) when other methods may be the most appropriate specifically in the study of structural, culturally affected factors in an organization or educational institution."
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Romanticism Slavery, 2008.
An analysis of Federick Douglass' arguments presented in his work, "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass."
921 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and analyzes Frederick Douglass' work, "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass." The paper specifically focuses on how Douglass deliberately and compellingly refuted the general worldview that the white race was doing Africans a favor by bringing them into contact with civilization and introducing them to the Christian God.
From the Paper
"Frederick Douglass wrote of the Emancipation Proclamation, "Common Sense, the necessities of war, to say nothing of the dictation of justice and humanity have at last prevailed. We shout for joy that we live to record this righteous decree." It is quite likely that Lincoln was aware of the response this proclamation would elicit from black Americans: "Moreover, the liberated themselves became the liberators, for the proclamation also announced the acceptance of men into the Union arm and navy." By simultaneously freeing most of the southern slaves and permitting their admittance into the armed forces, Lincoln provided some indication of his underlying motives. One main reason for the Emancipation Proclamation was that it formally welcomed a very willing fighting force amid the Union ranks."
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Race and Anti-hypertensive Medications, 2008.
This paper looks at hypertension and examines how this condition varies within different racial groups.
960 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that hypertension is a prevalent cardiovascular condition among American adults, with one third of adults in the United States being afflicted. The writer discusses that the prevalence of hypertension varies across racial groups, with African Americans being the most disproportionately affected in comparison to Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites. In general, African Americans experience a shorter life expectancy than white Americans, and this may be due to the greater organ damage experienced by this population as a result of earlier onset of high blood pressure and high severity of hypertension. The writer maintains that, due to the greater prevalence of hypertension among the African-American population, it is crucial that attention be paid to treatments and preventions that are most optimal for this population.
From the Paper
"Brewster, van Montfrans, and Kleijnen systematically reviewed the effectiveness of various antihypertensive drugs in the reduction of blood pressure, morbidity, and mortality among African American adults with hypertension. Their investigation was conducted through a search of medical research databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, PubMed, African Index Medicus, and the Cochrane Library. The results yielded from this investigation indicated that the effectiveness of beta-blockers and ACE inhibitors in reducing hypertension did not differ significantly from effects of a placebo. Other reviewed drugs such as calcium channel blockers, diuretics, central sympatholtics, alpha-blockers, and angiotensin II receptor blockers were demonstrated as more effective than placebos in reducing hypertension among African Americans. However, this investigation demonstrated that there were no significant differences in morbidity and mortality outcomes between treatment groups."
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"The Bluest Eyes" - "Disgrace", 2008.
An analysis of how both Toni Morrison's novel,"The Bluest Eye", and J. M. Coetzee's novel, "Disgrace", subtly comment on the race and gender within their respective societies.
2,599 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes, compares and contrasts Toni Morrison's novel, "The Bluest Eye" and J.M. Coetzee's novel, "Disgrace". The paper describes the approach to gender and race in each book and notes that, although they have fundamental differences, both Morrison and Coetzee contend that, despite political actions to create a "colorless, raceless, genderless" society, social stigmas are hard to eliminate.
From the Paper
"Coetzee's novel "Disgraced" focuses on the life of David Lurie in post-apartheid South Africa. In the wake of political reforms that has changed the policies of the entire government, Coetzee attempts to show through his novel that racism and sexism are still as prevalent as ever. Lurie is castigated from society for his love of Byron Romanticism, and demonized as a sexual offender because of his illicit relationship with a much younger student. Ultimately, the plot surrounds the brutal rape of David's daughter Lucy, which results from the neglect of the rural community outside of Cape Town. The purpose of Coetzee's novel is to reveal the truth behind South African social lore, instead of the equality that is suppose to pertain to the post apartheid era, it is evident that without much structural support there is little political changes can make on social opinion and stigma. Ultimately the same sentiments that existed preceding the apartheid are still evident through this narrative. It is a story of dehumanization and indignity, with the focus on the fall of David Lurie's self-respect and a deeper understanding of social stigma."
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Crack Cocaine Sentencing, 2008.
Looks at disparities against blacks in crack cocaine sentencing.
1,755 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 18 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that racial discrimination in the sentencing of blacks has taken away judicial discretion and created an expensive and regretful policy of imprisoning large numbers of blacks, who might have been better off given second chances. The author points out that the passage of the crack cocaine law in 1986 made black defendants much more liable to spend time in prison if they were street dealers of crack cocaine rather than if they were dealing powder cocaine, which is essentially the same drug. The paper emphasizes that crack cocaine sentences are the largest factor in racial disparity in federal sentencing. Includes charts.
From the Paper
"The cocaine sentencing debate that followed the implementation of the 1986 law has shown the depth of the impact of crack sentencing disparity. In the 1980s, crack cocaine use was covered widely by the press, due to its rapid growth in the drug market. For the first time cocaine was made available to a wider economic class because of its cheap price. By taking powder cocaine, cooking it with baking soda and water, a hard rocky substance is created that can be cracked into smaller pieces called "Crack." These "rocks" are then sold in small quantities."
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A Southern Woman Author - Flannery O'Conner, 2008.
A review of the writings of Flannery O'Conner which reveal the central divisions in the Southern paradigm.
1,638 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the most important themes in Flannery O'Conner's stories and characterizations deal with religion and oppression. In particular, the paper discusses O'Connor's story "Good Country People" and highlights how these themes relate to the dichotomies of simplicity and education, as well as oppression and freedom to express, to live, and to feel.
From the Paper
"Danny Duncan Collum relates the Southern culture of the 20th and even the beginning of the 21st century, with religion and religion. According to the author, their religious ardor is one of the elements that find specific expression in the writings of Southern authors, and particularly in those of female writers. "
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The Color Purple, 2008.
A review of the book "The Color Purple" by Alice Walker, which follows the life of Celie Johnson as she struggles through life in the early 1900s.
772 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
The paper presents a short literary analysis of the book "The Color Purple", written by Alice Walker. The paper explores the story, the meaning and the themes that run through the book and argues that the book presents an argument about the cyclic nature of racism and sexism.
From the Paper
" Throughout history many authors have used their works to convey a message or idea to the reader. Sometimes this is a purposeful act of writing and other times it simply conveys such things as a by product of telling the story. Such is the case with Alice Walker's The Color Purple. As she tells the story of several Black women in one family setting as the story unfolds the reader can easily trace the themes of sexism and racism and the cyclic nature of them both in society."
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Big Black Good Man, 2008.
A review of the story "Big Black Good Man" by Richard Wright.
975 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how "Big Black Good Man," one of a series of short stories in the book "Eight Men", by Richard Wright in which he clearly shows how black males were wrongly perceived by society in the mid-1900s. The paper further shows that, Olaf, the protagonist, may deceive himself that he is not a racist, yet the readers quickly recognize him for "showing his true colors." The paper discusses that, even at the end ,one is unsure whether or not Olaf recognizes the truth about himself.
From the Paper
"The tranquil scene in the hotel totally changes when Jim, a huge "ebony giant," (96) comes looking for a room. Olaf is immediately overwhelmed by disdain and fear as his shallow, insolated world is disturbed. It is not just Jim's race, but the totality of his size, color and attitude that Olaf cannot handle. The way that he reacts to Jim demonstrates how Olaf sees others not by who they are as a person, but rather by their outward appearance."
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"Puddinhead Wilson" and "Tom Sawyer", 2008.
A comparison and look at the contrasting treatment of mixed race themes in Mark Twain's books, "Puddinhead Wilson" and "Tom Sawyer."
1,709 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 0 sources, $ 55.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the theme of racial discrimination in the two books "Puddinhead Wilson" and "Tom Sawyer" by Mark Twain. The paper compares and concentrates on specific incidences of the mixed race individuals' place in and treatment by society.
From the Paper
"Perhaps Mark Twain, in depicting the difficulty for Injun Joe of assimilating; but then also depicting Roxy's relative ease of doing so, reflects his own observations about eease or difficulty of assimilation among such ethnic minorities in actual life.
The motif of mixed race individuals' place in and treatment by society begins with Injun Joe in the graveyard scene in Tom Sawyer. We do not know many details surrounding Injun Joe's arrest and public beating. We do know Injun Joe came to the doctor's house and asked for food five years ago and was rebuked. The rest Injun Joe explains thus: "And when I swore I'd get even with you even if it took a hundred years, your father had me [sic] jailed for vagrancy." We may perhaps glean from this that the doctor perceived this as a threat and feared for his safety. This outburst from Injun Joe over his being refused food in a rude manner reflects his understanding of how the town's citizens viewed him. If Injun Joe had understood and accepted that he was seen, due to his ethnicity, as being inferior to white property owners like the doctor, he would have been able to understand the rebuke in a less personal context. Twain's use of a minor incident of Injun Joe's unsuccessfully begging for food as a catalyst for threats of violence and revenge shows the perceived wild nature of Injun Joe. And his own reaction to the doctor's refusal of food only reinforces the existing stereotypes that he is of a temperament and mind-set viewed as being both unfamiliar and dangerous by white society. "
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