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Hypertension, ESRD and African-Americans, 2007.
This paper explores the risks of hypertension and end stage renal disease (ESRD) in the African-American community.
2,333 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
The paper reveals that African-Americans are known to be more affected by end stage renal disease (ESRD) than any other group in North America. The paper shows the links between African-American social status, economic position and environment with hypertension and its progression to ESRD. The paper points out that the outstanding risk factors consist of socio-economic variables and therefore prevention and early treatment are essential strategies for controlling and ending the progression to ESRD for this population.
Outline:
Introduction
Epidemiology
Genetic/ Familial Factors
Pre-existing Diseases/Conditions
Incidence
Prevalence
Socio-economic Environment
Epidemic
Agent
Natural History of ESRD
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Tertiary Prevention
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The host refers to the human being in whom an agent produces a disease. The host also refers to the human population that is at risk of developing the disease. The typical African American host with hypertension ESRD is poor and has little access to health care. Risk factors that increase the susceptibility of African Americans to progress to renal failure are age, gender, pre-existing diseases, lifestyle, and socio-economic factors."
"In the general population there is a strong link between increased age and an increased risk of ESRD. This holds true for African Americans where the average age of new ESRD patients was 61 years (Boone, 2000). A high proportion of the increase in ESRD is in the older age-groups (Pugh & Medina, 1995)."
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African-American Youth, 2007.
A research paper into why many African-American children drop out of school, join gangs and end up in prison.
742 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper presents research that looks into African American youth. It hypothesizes that many African-American children drop out of school, join gangs and end up in prison primarily because they grow up in poverty. It suggests that this trend breeds resentment and generates hostility towards society. The paper analyzes the literature and draws conclusions on this topic.
From the Paper
"This research question is important, and we should care about it because drop out, gang membership, and crime rates among young African-Americans can be reduced if effective measures are taken. Garbarino (2000) notes that adolescents need to have someone to look up to and emulate. If their role model is positive and demonstrates a strong moral code through their actions and not just their words, the adolescent will most likely emulate these positive traits because they have seen first hand how they should behave."
"In contrast, when their role models are drug dealers, gang members, or violent adults, they most likely will exhibit the same behavior. According to Schwartz (2003) this demonstrates why high drop out rates, gangs, drug abuse, and crime in many African-American neighborhoods are such chronic and intractable problems, for there tend to be far more negative role models than positive role models. This role model imbalance perpetuates dropping out of school, drug abuse, and crime in each succeeding generation, in a vicious cycle that is very difficult to break."
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Civil War in Tennessee, 2007.
An analysis of the behavior of people from the North and the South during the Civil War.
1,648 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the human face of the American Civil War, focusing on the state of Tennessee. It describes the course of the war and the cause of the war and shows that both are historically contested. The paper refers to primary source evidence to show that the excesses of war led to actions on the part of both sides that could be construed as morally wrong and that there were ordinary, innocent people in the Southern state of Tennessee who suffered greatly for their beliefs.
From the Paper
"Of course, it is necessary to consider the veracity of the source. Williamson was only 16, and she was not a first-hand witness to the event she describes. However, if we refer to secondary sources, we find ample evidence that she was probably correct. Paine was so well known for brutality and sadism, that he was removed from his command by the Union leadership, and placed in charge of bridges near Nashville. Even there, he managed to misbehave, and was investigated, found guilty by a congressional inquiry, and punished with a reprimand. This scarcely seems adequate for his murderous deeds. However, the point is that war is often horrific, and there are no sides that are "good." This is too simplistic a view, as attested to by Williamson's disturbing Diary. (Special Collections Library, Duke University.)"
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Social Policy Options, 2007.
This paper examines policy options regarding homeless African-Americans.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the issue of homelessness as it impacts African-Americans and provides some possible policy options that might alleviate this social illness. The paper examines a minimum wage policy and proposes efforts to turn local abandoned areas into sites for low-cost housing projects. The paper concludes that money can be diverted from public sector wages into the programs regulating labor practices and the subsidization of housing initiatives.
From the Paper
"To begin with, a budgeting policy must have proper checks and balances in place. In most college systems, budgetary overview is the responsibility of the Finance Committee of a Board of Management or the Finance Committee of a Board of Directors (Motherwell College 2000). In the case of a municipality that is attempting to successfully grapple with African-American homelessness, it seems intuitive that budgetary overview should be partly the responsibility of a Housing Commission or of a Sub-Committee devoted to addressing social ills."
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African-American Women and Suicide, 2007.
This paper explores the possible reasons for the low suicide rates among African-American woman.
1,462 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper reveals that, although suicide rates are at epidemic proportions, suicide rates for African-American women are unusually low. The paper reviews the statistical patterns of suicide in the United States and in minorities around the world and discusses the plight of the African-American woman in relation to psychosocial and psychological issues. The paper then discusses coping devices used by African-American women that are associated with lower suicide rates.
Outline:
Plight of the African-American Women
Protective factors
From the Paper
"Eight hundred thousand (800,000) died by their own hand throughout the world in 2000; more than died that year in all of the wars and armed conflicts (McKenzie, Serafty & Crawford, 2003). With an average of 30,000 deaths per year, suicide is the ranked as the eighth leading cause of death in the United States, with the risk to white females being double that of all non-white minority groups combined (Mann, 2000). Among African Americans aged 25 to 44, suicide was considered the seventh leading cause of death in 2000 (Kaslow, Thompson, Meadows, Chance, Puett, Hollins, Jessee & Kellermann, 2000). In 2002, 1,939 African Americans committed suicide; of these only 306 were female, providing a male to female suicide ratio of 5.34:1 ("African American," 2004). Pryor (2006) states that in the United States, every 78 seconds at least one woman will make a suicide attempt, however only one woman will actually commit suicide every 90 minutes."
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Amiri Baraka's "An Agony. As Now", 2007.
An analysis of Amiri Baraka's poem "An Agony. As Now".
1,131 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that Amiri Baraka's poem "An Agony. As Now" presents the poet observing himself from some distance and taking stock of what he sees. The paper describes how the poet expresses the nature of the black man in American society; he has been made to hate himself by the majority white society that prevents him from feeling complete. The paper shows how he is at war with himself, between the self he was made to be by circumstances and the self he wants to be and is trying to become.
From the Paper
"The work expresses the divided and in some ways unfinished nature of the black man in American society, in keeping with the use of only the left parenthesis because the black man may have started becoming but has been thwarted and prevented from achieving completion. In addition, the poet is expressing the view that his reality and his sense of self depends on his hatred of others. He says he hates himself, because he has been made to hate himself by the majority white society that prevents him from feeling complete. When he looks out at himself and hates himself, it is because of his inability to overcome the limitations placed on him. In the world in which he lives, "innocence is a weapon" (13)."
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"Huckleberry Finn", 2007.
Examines the debate over whether Mark Twain's "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" is a racist text.
1,381 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that, while Mark Twain's "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" raises a number of racial issues, it is not a racist text. In particular, the paper notes the commonality of racial epithets during Twain's day and suggests that this explains the "excessive" use of derogatory terms towards African-Americans. It then briefly outlines the position of those who consider the text to be a racist one, offers the counter-argument of those opposed to such a characterization and then concludes by outlining why this writer supports the widespread distribution of Twain's master work.
From the Paper
"Briefly stated, this writer cleaves to the view that Huckleberry Finn is not a racist text. It is not racist because it is meant to be a sharp denunciation of the slave-holding society which dehumanized African-Americans and it is also a text which shocks people into considering how racism works so insidiously to graft itself onto the fabric of a culture that even ugly racial epithets become distressingly common. Ultimately, this writer agrees with Leider and Wilson that American students - at a suitable age - need to be shocked into seeing the ugly side of American history before revisionists "white-wash" it and marginalize the role of slavery in the development of the nation. In the end, even if Twain was subconsciously racist himself, the grotesque nature of many of the whites in the book clearly reveals that his sympathies lie with destroying any fatuous belief that the "Old South" was chivalrous and somehow humane."
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Is the U.S. Constitution Color-Blind?, 2007.
An analysis of the degree to which the U.S. Constitution may be said to be "color-blind".
1,535 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the degree to which the U.S. Constitution may be said to be "color-blind". It argues that the Constitution is not color-blind because it permits many instances of bigotry to go unchecked in private life. To bolster this claim, the paper places a great deal of emphasis upon the work of Dr. Neil Gotanda, entitled A Critique of "Our Constitution is Color-Blind". The paper also focuses on the controversial case of Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) in which racism was seen to be upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court despite the eloquent protests of one of the presiding Justices.
From the Paper
"Gotanda also insists that the First Amendment - specifically its Freedom of Speech Clause - has been used by the federal courts to strike down government efforts to outlaw "racial domination". What Gotanda appears to mean when he talks of "racial domination" is that recent years (Gotanda was writing in the early 1990s) have seen the "resurgence" of racist speech on university campuses after decades of determined effort by non-whites to wrestle back control of the image-making process from Caucasians. As a result, racially motivated speech which defames - or at least casts in a negative light different - groups has been protected by a Constitution that is allegedly "non-racial" in construction. In any case, Dr. Gotanda, if this writer understands him correctly, is putting forward the notion that American society has always been dominated by Caucasians and, therefore, permitting racially-offensive discourses on university campuses allows the dominant group in society to continue to articulate views supporting invidious distinctions between races without fear of any disciplinary action being taken. In other words, whites have crafted negative images of non-whites since the founding of America and this group, so powerful in the media, in the judiciary and even still in academia, is allowed to continue on with making negative distinctions because the Constitution - written as it was and amended as it has been by (predominantly) Caucasian males of property and significance - permits it."
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Slavery, 2007.
A review of "Slavery: A Problem in American Institutional and Intellectual Life" by Stanley M. Elkins.
1,023 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This book review analyzes the crucial philosophical, historiographical and psychological foundations of African slavery, as discussed in "Slavery: A Problem in American Institutional and Intellectual Life" by Stanley M. Elkins. The paper relates that Elkins uses the economic concepts of capitalism and the philosophy of morality in slavery to argue the controversial issue of the African "Holocaust" in America historiography.
From the Paper
"In chapter one, the problem of slavery in North America from the 17th century until the Civil War can be seen through the economic problem of historiography. In many cases, the clashing philosophical premise of slavery in America revolves around how colonial English elites and early Americas were either morally ignorant or were consciously using slaves as a 'commodity' within a Marxist capitalistic system. For Elkins, the major issue of "old debates" revolves around the problem of Marxist thought and how this creates a historical background that often blames capitalism for slavery to eventually cause the Civil War (Elkins, 2006, pp.10-13). In many ways, the problem of slavery was not a purely capitalistic system that was driven by an economic necessity, but surely, there was a philosophical background that kept Southerners attached to the immoral vice of their absolutist institutions. The critical perception here helps one to realize that the "old debates" were structured to help distance the humanist problem of slavery through a rigidly imposed economic system."
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Gay Rights and Civil Rights, 2007.
This paper compares and contrasts gay rights with civil rights.
880 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses whether homosexuals should receive rights guaranteed in the Bill of Rights. The writer questions whether gays should receive rights compared to civil rights. The writer argues that while it is true that gays and minorities are often mistreated, the difference is in the ability to make a decision. The writer maintains that gay rights are different than civil rights because homosexuals make the decision to be gays and even the Bible shows that it is wrong, but African-Americans are born "black" and the Bill of Rights guarantee rights to "all men". The writer then points out that the Civil Rights Act was passed to guarantee that all African-Americans be treated equally with other Americans. The writer argues that comparing gay rights with civil rights shows that gays make a decision to date or love another person of the same sex, while African-Americans are born with their skin color and they should be given the same rights as any American.
From the Paper
"Before determining whether gays should have rights it is important to look at the definition of homosexuals. The definition of homosexuals will show that it is defined as a sexual orientation with romantic love and sexual desire of the same sex or gender. When a person falls in love with another person, a decision must be made to love the person. Homosexuality is a decision. The gay person decides to fall in love with another person of his or her same gender. This is the same as if a person decides to never date a person or if a person decides to fall in love with another person of a difference sex. Since it is a decision, people should not receive certain rights because they make a decision. Many homosexuals and minorities are rejected jobs and other freedoms so many people believe they should have rights as guaranteed by the Bill of Rights. However, it is important to remember that homosexuals decide whether they want to have a love life with a member of the same sex."
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Racial Profiling, 2007.
This paper examines the problem of racial profiling in the United States and Canada.
1,217 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that courts give the police discretion in who they stop during traffic stops, but statistics prove that more African-Americans are stopped than whites. The paper reveals that many African-Americans are frisked, their vehicles are taken apart and they either get a ticket or go to jail for some bogus reason. The paper points out the opinion that racial profiling is not a problem, but disagrees and argues that changes must be made to stop this racial profiling.
From the Paper
"Imagine a young African American driving A Ford Explorer to an interview when he is pulled over by the Georgia State Patrol. The young man was driving five miles over the speed limit or less. The police officer asks for back up though he does not appear to have a valid reason for back up. The two officers take apart the Ford Explorer looking for drugs (Callahan and Anderson 2001). Would this same scene have happened with a white male? It is important to look at the definition of racial profiling, how the courts give police officers the discretion to stop African Americans and how the problem of racial profiling should be stopped."
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Evolution of Social Movements, 2007.
An analysis of how social movements affected social change in the 1960s.
1,584 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper shows how the powers of social movements are derived primarily from injustice in society. The paper looks at the civil rights, feminist and anti-war movements in the nineteen-sixties that demonstrated how once a social movement gains momentum it can produce wider public dissatisfaction with the status quo and compel elected officials to take action against injustice. The paper points out, however, that the power to affect social change in society tends to be fluid, for once a social movement achieves a certain degree of social change, it meets increasing resistance, which reduces its power.
From the Paper
"The Civil Rights Movement of the nineteen-sixties began because of Rosa Parks and the Montgomery, Alabama bus boycott in 1955, which inspired African-Americans to increase their efforts to win equality. Parks (1999) notes that a few years later, when Attorney General Robert Kennedy sent the FBI into the South in 1962 to enforce laws, prevent violence, and protect civil rights activists, it sent a strong message that the time for racial justice had arrived and that racial segregation must be ended."
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