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The Modern Steel-Girder Skyscraper, 2008.
Describes the steel-girder-based skyscraper, which the author believes to be America's most impressive engineering technical development.
2,125 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper specifies that the author thinks the most remarkable American technological engineering achievement is the steel-girder-based skyscraper first erected in the 1880s by William le Baron Jenney. The author feels this way because the building shows the capacity of Americans to ingeniously find new ways of making products serve practical purposes. The paper describes Jenney's 1883 Home Insurance Building, constructed in Chicago, which is the very first building to employ steel skeleton construction and to resemble, in a rudimentary sense, the quintessential modern skyscraper. The paper relates that this building is a prototypical example of nineteenth-century American capitalism and industry at work.
From the Paper
"Unsurprisingly, the earliest tall structures were comprised of masonry characterized by "the thick walls of the lower stories usurping a disproportionate amount of floor space." Obviously, it became imperative to design structures that would permit thinner walls to exist throughout the entire height of the building. Initially, architects used cast iron along with masonry; later, they used cage construction whereby an iron frame supported the floors of the structure and the masonry walls had only to bear their own weight."
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Gender and Technology Theory, 2008.
An essay arguing that modern technology is not contributing towards closing the gender gap between men and women and that it is the social constructs that encourage gender specific technology that must be changed.
985 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that, rather than being gender neutral, modern technology is actually quite gender specific. The paper then sites several examples of technology that support this contention and suggests that the technology also seems to imply that women are less competent or less able to operate technology as well as men and need adapted technology. The paper concludes that technology has not 'liberated' women in that technology remains a gendered subject and that, if we want to advance the prospects of women, we must first create cultural change, as technological advances do not automatically promote gender inequality .
From the Paper
"The creation of gendered technology has continued at a strong pace, no longer a domain of household gadgets or curling irons but a realm that includes reproductive technologies serving women, as technology supporting child-bearing women. Women are unwittingly helping a new technology sector from which males profit in the growing numbers to have children later in life, to engage in sex selection, or to demand children through relatively to very high risk cases. This technological enterprise can perhaps be seen as post-industrial child-bearing as a new industry carrying on from the industrial era. In sum, technology has not 'liberated' women in that technology remains a gendered subject. Those who expected something different are advised to trace the much longer history of gender as a socially constructed phenomenon. Cultural change must be created to alter ideas of gender, as opposed to hoping that technological advances will progress the prospects of women."
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North Sea Oil Project Management, 2008.
Discusses the project management stages and processes of the North Sea Oil project.
2,885 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes and outlines all the activities required to manage the North Sea Oil infrastructure project within the set time frame and budget. The author describes the initiation, project planning and design, project execution and projection, monitoring and control and completion stages of this project. The author also presents that key processes as integration management, scope management, time and cost management, quality management, human resources management, communication management and risk management. The author underscores that the selected project manager will need to have excellent interpersonal skills and prior experience in the oil and gas industry with projects of this nature.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Project Stages
Project Initiation Stage
Project Planning or Design Stage
Project Execution or Projection Stage
Project Monitoring and Controlling Systems
Project Completion Stage
Project Management Processes
Integration Management
Scope Management
Time and Cost Management
Quality Management
Human Resources Management
Communication Management
Risk Management
Conclusion
From the Paper
"This is also known as the closing stage of the project. However, though the project has been completed it doesn't mean that everything comes to an end at this point. While the execution of the project ends and the end product has been completed it is at this point that the maintenance and post completion support for the users begins along with health and safety audits etc to ensure that all the necessary safety measures are in place."
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Computer Interface Design, 2008.
This paper discusses the design of the computer interface, which is the gateway through which the user communicates with the computer.
2,035 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the computer interface includes both the hardware and software that enables the user to ask for information, to input data, to give command, and to get the computer to perform processes as needed. The author points out that the design of the interface is achieved by considering the role of the hardware and software, the demands of the user, and the physical, cognitive, psychological and even emotional needs of the user. The paper emphasizes that the user wants the hardware and software to provide its service as easily and effectively as possible. The author underscores that the field of interface design has expanded along with the many computer systems people access, such as PDAs, cell phones, MP3 players, DVD recorders and cable boxes.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Development of the Interface
Changes in Interface Design
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Of course, the cell phone has become more complex and often uses an interface with which the consumer is not familiar. This has become an issue as the telephone tries to offer more and more services and more and more processes that can be accomplished with the cell phone. A related issue is that the size of the cell phone has been much reduced, leaving many users with a keyboard they can barely access without making a mistake. The problem of small size also plagues PDAs and laptops and adds to the difficulty involved in interface design."
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The St.Croix Dispute and Resolution, 2008.
An examination of the negotiation and mediation process utilized in the St.Croix river crossing dispute.
2,918 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the case of river crossing disputes along the St.Croix River where different interest groups were locked in opposite positions, requiring mediation in order to reach a resolution so that the project could advance. The paper explores the issues involved in the negotiation and mediation process, focusing on the processes that the mediators used in order to reach a satisfactory resolution. The paper states that, overall, this mediation process was completely successful. The paper also looks at improvements that could have been made to the process.
Outline:
Introduction
Defining the Problem
Initial Steps in the Mediation Process
Defining the Issues
The Use of Technology
The End of the Dispute
Were the Results Better?
What Could Have Been Done Better?
From the Paper
"Construction issues involving environmental, economic, social and political interests are often extremely difficult. Most of the difficulty is caused by the fact that the various interest groups have different interests. Often these interests conflict leading to stalemates. These stalemates in turn lead to inaction because no course of action can be determined.
"In these cases mediation is often required in order to resolve the dispute. Often mediators have to find ways to get interest groups to think outside of the box in order to reach a satisfactory resolution."
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Technical Memo: Potholes in Markham, 2008.
A memo regarding the problem of potholes in the city of Markham, along with possible solutions.
1,047 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a memo to Councillor Alex Chiu of the city of Markham. The memo discusses a recent civil engineering study regarding the problem of potholes in Markham. It summarizes the nature of the problem and presents possible solutions as well as recommendations regarding what would be the most effective solution for temporary patching of the potholes.
Table of Contents:
Summary
Findings
An Assessment of the Problem
Solutions
Recommendation
From the Paper
"Repairing potholes is a complex problem, particularly if one attempts repairs in a time of high levels of precipitation and extreme temperature fluctuations, as in the Spring. Today there exist materials and technologies that permit effective solutions to potholes that need not wait until summer (Kuennen 2004). However, as will be seen, these solutions come with higher costs. Solutions will be determined by the expected lifespan of the road surface.
"If the City of Markham intends to reconstruct the pavement of the section of Steeles Avenue East in question within a span of, say, three years, then a short-term patch using hot-mix asphalt may be the preferable solution. In this regard, as specialists in the field of pavement and pothole patching observe: "You have to price your options to the length of life that you want for the patch" (Kuennen 2004, p.32)."
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Tuning Musical Instruments, 2007.
An overview of the tuning of musical instruments using electronic devices.
1,594 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how electrical engineering helps musicians to identify the precision of musical notes, record their albums, and finally modify what has been recorded. It provides background context about the theory associated with various devices with an emphasis on critical analysis of the current solutions to the problem of having a standard measure for pitch of instruments. It also looks at how currently the "adaptive filter" devices and digital signal processing ("DSP") tuners are the most common and available solutions in the market. The paper includes diagrams and equations where relevant.
Outline:
Introduction
Sounds and Music
The Tuners for Musical Instruments
Latest Developments
Suggestion for Improvement
Conclusion
From the Paper
"A musical note refers to a specific frequency, "A note is a sign used in music to represent the relative duration and pitch of a sound" [1]. Every sound is a wave and as such is characterized by its frequency. However, listening to only one, single frequency is not that enjoyable. The truth is that human ear is more sensitive to a frequency difference rather than a single frequency. Therefore, a musically desirable sound is the one rich in harmonics. "The harmonic of a wave is a component frequency of the signal that is an integer multiple of the fundamental frequency." [2] For example, consider a sound having a fundamental frequency f, its harmonics are then 2 f, 3 f, 4 f, 5 f, 6 f, etc. Another sound with the fundamental frequency 2 f would have 4 f, 6 f, and 8 f etc. as its harmonics. "
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Peace Bridge, 2007.
The paper discusses the Peace bridge and looks at the proposal of a new additional bridge.
2,152 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that the Peace Bridge spans the Niagara River and links the cities of Fort Erie, Ontario and Buffalo, New York. The writer points out that this bridge is considered a critical link for cross-border commercial traffic with considerable economic significance for the region. The paper explains that the bridge was built in 1927, has three traffic lanes and sidewalks, and has been well-maintained so it is in excellent condition. The writer points out that the proposal to construct a new bridge that would cross the river is not due to damage to the existing bridge but to the limited capacity of the roadways on the bridge.
From the Paper
"Someone designed the highway, while no one designed the space under the bridge. Such extra spaces are often created with such large-scale projects. This space is not likely to be useful in the current project to add three lanes of traffic to the existing bridge, though a more useful design for this space could be included at the same time to improve the area."
"The current bridge is a 3,600-foot steel truss built in 1927. The bridge is made up of five arched spans crossing the Niagara River, with an added through-truss span crossing the Black Rock Canal on the American side. The bridge was built of tons of steelwork and concrete abutments to hold it. The bridge was built to relieve traffic on the International Railway Bridge erected in 1873. The construction had to overcome the swift river current in that area, running at about twelve miles per hour. It is hoped that an addition to the bridge can increase traffic by one-third."
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Appliances, 2007.
A case study presentation discussing efficiency, capabilities and competencies of various home appliances.
1,443 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a case study that looks at various home appliances built in the United States during the year 2002. It looks for differences in efficiency and other resources and compares capabilities and competitions among other countries. The paper presents each factor and shows a possible solution for consumers as a guide to help save cost as well as follow federal guidelines.
Table of Contents:
Case Study
Appliance Resources
Appliance Capabilities
Appliance Competencies
Solutions
Discussion
From the Paper
"It seems that appliances are used at enormous rates within homes in the United States. Yet, the energy needed to consume is higher when consumers use the appliances regularly. The appliances have changed drastically over the years to follow federal guidelines to save energy, be more efficient in terms of long lasting, comparison shopping at various stores as well as on-line, and consistent competition from manufacturers and retailers."
"For example, the manufacturer Philips, which may be considered as the leader in digital demonstrations and wireless connectivity, gave way to new visions: Connected Home. According to Philips new forefront, the Connected Home will address consumers to use more home appliances, broadband and future technological developments. In definition, "Connected Home is made up of a broadband connection to the outside world and two or more devices connected together and to the outside world via a wired or wireless home network" ("Philips")."
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Computer Technology in Aviation Safety, 2007.
A study exploring the impact of computer aided design technology on human factors in aviation safety.
5,092 words (approx. 20.4 pages), 24 sources, MLA, $ 127.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that computer aided design (CAD) involves the application of computer technology to the design of the cockpit so that it is more ergonomic and more sensitive to the characteristics of different pilots. The paper relates that, on the whole, CAD technology is an enormous improvement on older aviation design because it allows designers to visualize situations in three-dimensionality throughout the design process. The paper discusses the CAD-based ergonomic analysis programs that allow researchers to create accurate 3-D human models that measure the impact of ergonomics on the safety and reliability of products, equipment and facilities. The paper includes graphs, tables and illustrations.
Outline:
Chapter I: Introduction
Chapter II: Review of Related Literature
Chapter III:Methodology
Chapter IV: Results
Chapter V: Discussion
Chapter VI: Conclusion
Chapter VII: Recommendations
From the Paper
"Aircraft accidents that lead to loss of lives receive the highest level of attention in the aviation industry. There are many different causes for aircraft accidents that occur on an everyday basis in the aviation industry, which range from pilot errors to mechanical challenges. Some of those errors are minor, but others can have devastating effects. Pilot errors can be minimized by utilizing adequate tools and various analyses. Human factors are one of the methods that would improve safety. The term "human factors" has grown drastically, and has become more popular as the commercial aviation industry realized that human errors underlies most aviation accidents and incidents, rather than mechanical failure (Greaber 1999)."
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Design Concepts of Manufacturing Tooling, 2007.
A review of the design concepts of manual manufacturing tooling.
2,244 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a study that structures the research around the designs of manual production tooling or integrated tooling for tolerance holding during certain types/phases of assembly. The paper limits this research to no more than 5 robotic tools.
Outline:
Purpose of the Study
Introduction
Types of Tooling Identified
Flexible and Non-Flexible Robotic Assembly
CAD, CAM & CAPP Systems
Synthesis System - Conigen
Summary
From the Paper
"According to this work systems engineering over the last twenty years has "evolved to include the cost of automated machine tools as alternatives to labor and has developed several very different cost profiles; but the optimizations were still being performed at the simple part or discrete work element level. There was no large change in the process during the decade of the 1980s however, the hardware and software of today are stated to be "capable of simulating multiple, if not essentially unlimited, factory designs and equipment variations, giving the systems engineer the ability to affect both prior to a factory's construction." (Ibid) The work of Dr. David M. Anderson, P.E., CMC entitled: "Design for Manufacturability and Concurrent Engineering" states that it is very critical that "concurrent engineering of parts and tooling" are used for the purposes of minimizing "tooling complexity, cost, delivery lead-time" and in order to "maximize throughput, quality and flexibility."
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Deep Submicron Challenges, 2007.
A discussion regarding the modern challenges of an engineer today.
2,558 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at IC and ASIC designers and discusses how, in the early 1980s, engineers had life a bit easier than engineers do today. The paper goes on to say that they did not have to deal with the tiniest of mechanisms, testing them, creating switches, circuits and memory from electrons and molecules. According to the paper, delay specifications for the early (multi- micron) technologies were elementary at best.
From the Paper
"Engineering teams from major universities and corporations deal with specifics of design problems and engineering team coordination raises the overhead. The scale of the design has been decreasing, which also increases complexity, cost and testing difficulties. The architecture of the SOCs must change in how they are laid on the chip, as well as the materials that are being used in order to avoid the problems that were addressed earlier in this research. As new systems are needed to take advantage of advances in IC manufacturing technology, finer process geometries will provide the ability to manufacture more gates on a single die. Large systems in silicon have declined, due to physical design limitations and now more appropriate, expensive materials will replace silicon. There will be 1 billion transistors made in 2007 (Lai 27)."
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